unlike other sciences that study
particular aspects is enriched
by contributions from various
disciplines and goes beyond
them.
Physical Anthropology
Physical characteristics
of humans through the
fossils found and the
distinctive features of
contemporary groups.
Archaeology
It is devoted to the study of
material remains of past cultures
Anthropologycal
Linguistics
It studies the diversity of
languages spoken by the existing
human groups
Cultural Anthropology
refers to the analysis and
description of cultures, both
from the past and from
human groups of today
History, Theories and
Precursors in
Anthropology
Evolutionist
school
Lower savagery
subsistence through
the collection of wild
food, promiscuity
Higher savagery
They already had utensils
for hunting (bow and
arrows), banned marriage
among siblings, and
family relationships
Barbarism
Recognizable by the
invention of
agriculture and
pottery
Higher stage of barbarism
When metallurgy was being
developed, family
relationships were traced
by the male line, and
private property appears.
Civilization
When writing developed, the
civil government, and the
monogamous couple as the basis
of the family.
Different
schooles
emerged
Historical particularism
Diffusionism
Functionalism
Freud in anthropology
Neoevolutionism
French structuralism
Family, Kinship and Lineage
nuclear and extended family
The first is the one
consisting of father,
mother and children
polygynous
the sum of all
nuclear families
linked by blood
ties.
he nuclear family
was present in all
of them
Sexual relations,
Reproduction,
Education,
Subsistence
Monogamy
genealogy
relationships among
individuals of each
family
Myths
recreate the
origins of human
cultures.
Magic
hidden powers
in nature
Religion
the idea of God as
the essence of this
religious belief
Sacred
Profane
Cults
Individualist
Shamanist
Community
Ecclesiastical
Symbology
Culture and Society
The learned set of traditions
and lifestyles, socially
acquired, of the members
of a society,
enculturation
ethnocentrism, which only recognizes
as good and natural the patterns of
our own behavior, and those who act
differently are considered wild or
inhuman.
Universal Patterns
Structure
It consists of activities from an
external and behavioral point of
view,
Superstructure
Composed of behavior devoted to
artistic, recreational, intellectual and
religious activities,
Infrastructure
Composed of activities from an
external and behavioral point of
view,