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447819
Lecture 2- Introduction to Biological Molecules
Descrição
Biology- Semester 1 (Lecture 2- Introduction to Biological Molecules ) Mapa Mental sobre Lecture 2- Introduction to Biological Molecules, criado por emma_moran em 18-12-2013.
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biology- semester 1
lecture 2- introduction to biological molecules
biology- semester 1
lecture 2- introduction to biological molecules
Mapa Mental por
emma_moran
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
emma_moran
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Lecture 2- Introduction to Biological Molecules
Important Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Monomers
Monomers join together with covalent bonds to form long chains or macromolecules known as polymers
Polymer Formation
Formed by a type of condensation reaction known as dehydration synthesis
A molecule of water is formed and removed from the reactants joined during the reaction
H2O is formed from the loss of a hydroxyl group (OH-) from one reactant and a hydrogen (H-) from the other
Diagram
Polymer Breakdown
Polymers are broken down by a process known as hydrolysis
Bonds between reactants are broken down with the addition of a molecule of water
The hydroxyl (-OH) group of a water molecule bonds with one reactant and the hydrogen (-H) bonds to its neighbour
Energy held in the bond is released and stored in the form of ATP
Diagram
Digestion of polymers
Polymers like starch are broken down into smaller sugar units which are easily absorbed across the gut
The hydrolysis reaction requires help from digestive enzymes
Water
Roles in The Body
Universal solvent and transporter
Lubricant
Regulates body temperature
The Water Molecule
1) The oxygen atom contains 8 positively charged elected protons in its nucleus
2) Each hydrogen atom contains only 1 positively charged proton in its nucleus
3) The electron pair shared in each O-H covalent bond is therefore more strongly attracted to the oxygen nucleus than to either of the hydrogen nuclei
4) This makes the water molecule polar with a slightly negative pole near the oxygen and a slightly positive pole near the hydrogen
Hydrogen Bonding
The delta + near the hydrogen atom is attracted to the delta - near the oxygen atom of a neighbouring water molecule
This results in the formation of a hydrogen bond between two water molecules
Anexos de mídia
hydolysis.gif (image/gif)
dehydration3.gif (image/gif)
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