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Descrição
Mapa Mental por ebanks.amber, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por ebanks.amber
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Chapter 2
- Differences in hardware and software
- Hardware: things you can you touch
- Software: programming code that makes the computer work
- System software: control the workings of the computer
- application software (word-processing programs, spreadsheets etc
- System software: control the workings of the computer
- Hardware: things you can you touch
- Lack of Standardisation
- Increased COST for parts and upgrades
- Limited AVAILABILITY of hardware which will effect the cost
- Limited and expensive TECHNICAL SUPPORT
- Causes difficulties and expenses for TAKEOVERS
- incompatible computer systems
- having to purchase new equipment
- staff needing new training
- no communication between systems
- having to purchase new equipment
- incompatible computer systems
- Increased COST for parts and upgrades
- Input, output and storage devices
- Input devices
- Keyboard
- + good for inputting small quantities of data
- Concept keyboard: allows you to create you own keys
- + good for inputting small quantities of data
- Mouse
- Pointing device used to select items on a screen
- - needs some surface area to operate
- Pointing device used to select items on a screen
- Scanner
- Translates information into a form the computer can use
- + lots of different types (bar code/OMR/magnetic card reader etc)
- Translates information into a form the computer can use
- Graphic tablet
- can manipulate images on screen/create free-hand drawings
- can manipulate images on screen/create free-hand drawings
- Digitiser
- converts analogue to digital data
- converts analogue to digital data
- Keyboard
- Output devices
- Monitor
- takes signals on a computer and displays them on a screen
- takes signals on a computer and displays them on a screen
- Printer
- Produce a hard copy output
- + lots of different types (dot matrix/inkjet/laser)
- Produce a hard copy output
- Plotter
- produces printouts using vector or coordinate graphics
- Flat-bed: stays still and pen moves
- Drum plotter
- produces printouts using vector or coordinate graphics
- Monitor
- Storage devices
- Hard disks
- + portable hard disks allow large amounts of data to be transferred easily
- + portable hard disks allow large amounts of data to be transferred easily
- Optical disks
- CD-ROM
- available in fixed or forms which can be rewritten
- around 700mb
- available in fixed or forms which can be rewritten
- DVD
- around 4.7gb
- around 4.7gb
- CD-ROM
- tape drive
- large storage capacity
- large storage capacity
- Memory sticks
- Hard disks
- Input devices
- Specialist hardware devices
- Visually impaired
- braille keyboard
- microphone
- loudspeaker
- braille printer
- braille keyboard
- Motor imapired
- mouth-stick
- a stick to control input with the mouth
- a stick to control input with the mouth
- puff-suck switch
- a tube placed in the mouth and blown/sucked through
- a tube placed in the mouth and blown/sucked through
- tongue-activated joystick
- eye-typer
- fits onto the muscles around the eye and when the eye is moved a pointer on the screen moves
- fits onto the muscles around the eye and when the eye is moved a pointer on the screen moves
- foot mouse
- mouth-stick
- Visually impaired
- Specialist software
- screen reader
- program that reads out a computer display
- program that reads out a computer display
- text-to-speech system
- takes written text and outputs is using a speech synthesiser
- takes written text and outputs is using a speech synthesiser
- speech-to-text system
- takes spoken words and inputs them into the computer
- takes spoken words and inputs them into the computer
- Auditory feedback system
- plays sounds in response to user activity
- plays sounds in response to user activity
- screen magnifier
- zooms in on portions of the screen
- zooms in on portions of the screen
- predictive text
- suggests the required word
- suggests the required word
- sticky keys
- screen reader
- Different types of software
- Operating system
- controls the allocation and use of hardware resources
- controls the allocation and use of hardware resources
- User interface
- means by which the user can interact with an application
- menu: on-screen list of options
- form: on-screen form to enter data
- command line: space to type instructions
- natural language: a voice-based interface
- means by which the user can interact with an application
- Utility
- assists in monitoring and maintaining a computer system
- e.g. virus checkers/printer monitoring software
- assists in monitoring and maintaining a computer system
- Application software
- allows the computer to be used to perform particular tasks for the end user
- e.g. word processors/spreadsheets
- allows the computer to be used to perform particular tasks for the end user
- Operating system
- Characteristics of different user interfaces
- Command-based
- user types instructions at a command prompt to control what the computer does
- - need good knowledge of the commands and the effects
- user types instructions at a command prompt to control what the computer does
- Forms
- limited area on screen with boxes to fill in
- limited area on screen with boxes to fill in
- Menus
- series of related items that can be selected
- series of related items that can be selected
- Natural Language
- allow the users to use their own language to communicate with the computer
- spoken interface: typified by voice recognition software
- allow the users to use their own language to communicate with the computer
- Command-based
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