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4679126
GCSE AQA Chemistry 1 Fuels & The Environment
Descrição
Mind map showing information about crude oil (uses and properties), how it's used as a fuel and environmental problems.
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gcse
aqa
chemistry
chemistry unit 1
fuels
environment
crude oil
science
chemistry
chemistry 1
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Lilac Potato
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Lilac Potato
quase 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
GCSE AQA Chemistry 1 Fuels & The Environment
Crude Oil
Mixture of hydrocarbons
Fuels made of carbon & hydrogen
No chemical bonds - keep their original properties
Can separate using fractional distillation
Column works continuously - heated crude oil pumped in at bottom
Vaporised oil rises up & various fractions tapped off as they condense
Properties
Made up of hydrocarbons - alkanes
Chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms
Different length chains
Carbon forms 4 bonds & hydrogen forms 1
First 4: Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane
Forms as many bonds as possible - saturated
Shorter molecules - more runny (less viscous)
Shorter molecules - more volatile
Shorter molecules - more flammable
General formula: CnH2n+2
Uses
Volatilty - refinery gas - good as bottled gas
Petrol - higher boiling point - liquid
Viscous hydrocarbons - lubricants
Crude oil as a fuel
Burn cleanly so good fuels
Transport, central heating, power stations
Also provides raw materials for making chemicals - plastics
Alternatives are possible but things are set up for oil fractions - easier, cheaper & more reliable
Will run out - non-renewable fuel
New reserves being discovered & technology improving
Should start conserving & finding alternatives
Environmental problems
Burning fossil fuels
Power stations & cars
hydrocarbon + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water vapour
Energy (heat) also produced
If fuel contains sulphur impurities - sulphur dioxide released
If enough oxygen - complete combustion, if not then partial
Soot, unburnt fuel & carbon monoxide released
Global Dimming - particles reflect sunlight back into Space
Causes acid rain - sulphur dioxide mixes with clouds to form dilute sulphuric acid
Same with nitrogen oxides
Plants & animals die, kills trees, damages limestone buildings & statues & possible health probs
Reducing sulphur emissions
Can be removed before burning - £££
Power stations have Acid Gas Scrubbers - take harmful gas out before release
Increasing carbon dioxide = Climate Change
Causes global warming, changing rainfall patterns, flooding
Alternative fuels being developed
Ethanol - plant material - biofuel from fermentation
Carbon neutral, engines need to be converted, stop growing crops
Biodiesel - vegetable oils
Carbon neutral, don't need to convert engines, can't make enough to replace diesel, expensive
Hydrogen gas - electrolysis of water
Clean, need special engine, not widely available, hard to store
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