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French Revolution brings terror and reform
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chapter 23 section 2 french revolution
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section 2
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french revolution
history
war
world history
honors
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French Revolution brings terror and reform
The revolutionary governments of France made reforms but also used terror and violence to retain power.
After the storming of the Bastille, fear was felt by peasants, clergy, and nobles alike.
The Old Regime had a large target on its back.
The National Assembly Reforms France
August 4, 1789
National Assembly swept away privileges of First and Second Estates
France was now “equal
The Old Regime was essentially dead
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
(August 26th, 1789)
Promoted...
Liberty
Property
Security
Justice
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Formed basis for slogan
Liberty
Equality
Fraternity
A State-Controlled Church
Church lands confiscated by the government
Priests were now state officials
Money used to pay off massive debts
Catholic Church lost both land and influence
Divisions Develop
Factions Split France
Outside Factions
France at War
The National Convention
A new government declared France a Republic
Adult male citizens were given the right to vote
Excluded women
Jacobins Take Control of The National Convention
A Famous Beheading
The Wars Continue
Robespierre Takes Over The Terror Grips France
The Reign of Terror
Famous Victims of the Guillotine
Effects of the Reign of Terror
National Convention drafted a new government called the Directory
Made up of moderates
Restored order
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Georges Danton
Maximilian Robespierre
Robespierre became a virtual dictator
Used his role on the Committee to execute thousands of supposed enemies
Included people of all political ideologies- Liberal or Conservative, Left, Right or Center
Maximilian Robespierre, a Jacobin seized power in France
Headed Committee of Public Safety
Wanted to wipe out France’s past
New calendar
Closed all churches
Great Britain, Holland, and Spain join Austria and Prussia
National Convention ordered a draft
The French Army grew to 800,000 men
Louis XVI tried for treason
Executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793
Marie Antoinette was executed on October 16th, 1793
Radical Political Organization
Leaders
Jean-Paul Marat
Edited a newspaper
Georges Danton
Lawyer known for his devotion to the poor
Declared war on Austria and Prussia due to interference within France
Royal family held as prisoners
September Massacre
Citizens killed nobles, priests, and royal sympathizers
1792
Emigres
Nobles who fled France
Wanted the Old Regime to return
Sans-culottes
Peasant workers and shopkeepers
Wanted even greater changes
Many problems still existed
Food shortages
Divisions split into 3 general groups
Left
Radicals who wanted sweeping changes
Center
Centrists who wanted some government changes
Right
Conservatives wanted few changes
A new constitution set up a limited monarchy, similar to Great Britain
Legislative Assembly
Could make laws
Declare war
However, the only way to get laws past was through factions in the Legislative Assembly
Faction
a small, organized, dissenting group within a larger one, esp. in politics
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