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4878495
GCSE AQA Chemistry 2 Salts & Electrolysis
Descrição
Mind map showing information about acids, alkalis, making salts, electrolysis, extraction of aluminium and electroplating.
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gcse
aqa
chemistry 2
chemistry unit 2
c2
salts
electrolysis
chemistry
science
chemical industries
chemistry
chemistry 2
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Lilac Potato
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Lilac Potato
mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
GCSE AQA Chemistry 2 Salts & Electrolysis
Acids & Alkalis
Acid: substance with pH less than 7, form H+ ions in water
Base: substance with pH greater than 7
Alkali: base that dissolves in water, form OH- ions in water
Neutralisation: acid + base --> salt + water
Acids & metals
Acid + metal (oxide/hydroxide) --> salt + hydrogen
Ammonia
Dissolves in water --> alkaline solution
Ammonia + Nitric acid --> Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate - good fertiliser, has nitrogen from 2 sources, plants need nitrogen to make proteins
Making salts
Making soluble salts using a metal/insoluble base
Filter out excess, evaporate & crystallise
Making soluble salts using an alkali
Neutralise, repeat to remove indicator, evaporate & cystallise
Making insoluble salts - precipitation reactions
Filter salt out, wash & dry
Electrolysis
Splitting up with electricity - requires electrolyte
Contains free electrons - conduct electricity
Needs flow of electrons, electrons taken away at +ve electrode & given to other ions at -ve electrode
Oxidation & reduction
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons
Reduction Is Gain of electrons
Reactivity affects products formed
At -ve electrode - if metal ions & H+ ions present, metal ions will stay in solution if metal is more reactive than hydrogen - keener to stay as ions
At +ve electrode - if OH- & halide ions are present, molecules of chlorine formed, if no halide, oxygen formed
Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride solution produces...
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Bleach & plastics
Sodium hydroxide
Soap
Extraction of aluminium
Cryolite lowers temp, & costs
Electrodes made of carbon - CO2 - 'eaten away'
Aluminium forms at -ve electrode Oxygen forms at +ve electrode
Electroplating
At -ve electrode - metal object you want to plate
At +ve electrode - pure metal
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