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Atoms & The Periodic Table
Descrição
- Atoms - Periodic Table - Electron Shells - Compounds
Sem etiquetas
chemistry
chemistry 1a
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Ryan Brace
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Ryan Brace
mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Atoms & The Periodic Table
Atoms
Electrons
Negative Charge
Move around the Nucleus
Occupy Shells
If Electrons are added/removed the atom then becomes an Ion
Nucleus
In the middle of an Atom
Contains Protons & Neutrons
Positive Protons
Number of Protons = Number of Electrons
Neutral Neutrons
Overall positive charge
Periodic Table
Columns
These are called Groups
Each Group have the same number of Electrons in their outer shell
Therefore the properties are similar
Group 0 are Noble Gases
This means they have a full outer shell
They are stable and unreactive
Numbers
The top number is the Mass Number
Number of Protons & Neutrons
Bottom number is the Atomic Number
Number of Electrons
To find the Neutrons it's Mass Number - Atomic Number
Electron Shells
Rules
Electrons occupy shells
There are usually 3 shells
First - 2 Electrons
Second - 8 Electrons
Third - 8 Electrons
A full outer shell means the Element is unreactive
Unless full the Element will react
Carbon Electron Shells
2 electrons on first shell
4 electrons on outer shell
Compounds
Formed
Different Elements react forming Chemical Bonds
Forms a Compund
Making Bonds involves taking and sharing Electrons
Bonding
Ionic Bonding
Occurs when metals and non-metals bond
Consists of Ions
The metal loses Electrons
Forms positive charge
The non-metal gains Electrons
Forms negative charge
The opposite charge causes the atoms to be attracted
Forms a compound
E.g. NaCl
Sodium Atom gives an electron to Chlorine Atom
Covalent Bonding
Occurs when two non-metals bond
Consists of Molecules
Each Atom shares an Electron
They have to share so they can have a full outer shell
Must have enough Covalent Bonds to do so
E.g HCl
The Hydrogen bonds with the Chlorine by sharing an Electron
Formulas
Carbon Dioxide
1 Carbon Atom
2 Oxygen Atoms
Calcium Hydroxide
1 Calcium Atom
2 Oxygen Atoms & 2 Hydrogen Atoms
These have brackets around them, with a little '2' next to it
Anexos de mídia
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