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50119
Parliament
Descrição
Politics (Mr Edmunds) Mapa Mental sobre Parliament, criado por Katie Mortley em 18-04-2013.
Sem etiquetas
mr edmunds
politics
politics
mr edmunds
Mapa Mental por
Katie Mortley
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Katie Mortley
mais de 11 anos atrás
125
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Resumo de Recurso
Parliament
Sovereignty
Legally UK Parliament is sovereign
Source of all political power, no body can exercise power unless parliament authoriese
recall any power it had delegated to others
e.g devolution or the EU
it can make any laws it wishes
its not bound by the actions of previous parliaments
therefore cannot be bind its successors
Parliaments political sovereignty has decreased
power passed to the EU
EU law is superior to British law, therefore Parliament may not pass any law that contravenes the EU
however there are areas that the EU have no influence over at all
e.g health, transport, tax, education
some areas the EU has great influence
e.g agriculture, fisheries, trade and employment rights
in theory Parliament could withdraw but unlikely
power of executive has grown
PM in particular
especially those with large majorities
e.g Thatcher + Blair
Use of referendums
have taken one of parliaments role
to make significant changes to constitution
results are not binding but it would be politically unwise to ignore them
Following 1998 Human Rights Act, parliament has accepted European Convention on Human Rights
act could be repealed, but parliament treats ECHR as supreme
would take extraordinary circumstances to abolish the Act or ignore ECHR
Devolution
powers have devolved to Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland
could be reclaimed, but highly unlikely in practice
apart from Northern Ireland due to security circumstances there
Structure of Parliament
Plenary Sessions
whole house meets
normally Commons is only full once a week at PMQs
can also be full for controversial bills
e.g tutition fees/ fox hunting
often Gvt will expect backbenchers to vote
doesn't mean they'll take part in relevant debate
Legislative Committees
small groups of MPs assigned to scrutinise
intended to make Parliament more effective
recommend amendments however members are whipped
The government would have a majority on committees in the commons
Committees of Whole House
plenary session of either house, norm for HOL, rare for HOC
only if bill is significant or important
e.g Budget
Party Whips apply
Select Committees
mirror government departments
elected by all members of HOC
governing party will have majority of members
not whipped
job to investigate workings/consider policies + proposed legislation
Speakers
oversee debates
supposed to be neutral, therefore uncontroversial
replaced Lord Chancellor because of lack of power separation
Functions
Legitimisation
provides consent for legislation
no bill can become law without parliament consent
Scrutiny
Scrutinises legislation, both primary and secondary
involve making amendments
represents various interests in society
Opposition
government is forced to explain itself
benefits accountability
Acccountability
ministers forced to explain and justify their policies
can extend to opposition parties presenting alternative opinions
only a PM can remove a minister
expected to expose government mistakes
Financial Control
parliament needs to approve budget
Representation
MPs represent both party and manifesto
Redress of Grievances
carried out by MPs on behalf of constituents- investigate complaints against public bodies
Private Members' Legislation
only way parliament can propose its own legislation
Deliberation
rare instance of parliament dedicating time to a great issue of the day
Reserve Powers
powers to veto legislation and dismiss a government
rarely used, potentially grant great power
government often see a defeat coming and withdraw or changes a bill
e.g Sunday Trading Bill/allowance of Gurka settling rights in 2009
Delay
usually used by the Lords
this means lords are laregly free from whips, can delay legislation
gives government time to reflect
e.g 1991 War Crimes bill- defeated, 2005 hunting with dogs act- passed
House Of Lords
Significance
large majorities have become common
remaining membership of Lords has become more professional i.e heriditary peers
more legitimacy- removal of hereditary peers
contains legal and human rights experts
becoming more proactive
Restrictions
can only delay bills, not block them
it has no power over finances
Salisbury convention
Amendments proposed by the lords must be approved by commons
House Of Commons
Strengths
theoretical power
can amend legislation
MPs can call ministers to account
every constituency is represented
when small/no majority- commons have power over governments
different interest groups can be represented by different individuals
MPs have freedom to express their own views
Weaknesses
FTPT almost guarantees overall majority
party loyalty amongst MPS is traditionally strong
another reason for loyalty is the patronage of the PM
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