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Mapa Mental por dolce-n-banana, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por dolce-n-banana
quase 11 anos atrás
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FACTORS LEADING TO (CATHOLIC)
REFORMATION - The condition of the
Catholic Church in the early C16th
- THE NEED FOR CHANGE
- 1500-Catholic Church
was the universal faith
- Canon law touched the lives of
everyone
- Pope claimed to be the first apostle St
Peter & representative of Christ on
earth
- Traditional view of the early church;
abuses so widespread & deep & it failed
to carry out it's functions
- ABUSE THEORY
CHALLENGED:
- Church always has been criticised. There
have been worse periods of corruption
(scandal where there were several popes at a
time) but the Church has always been able to
adapt itself
- Reformers not only attacked the
abuses - they attacked the
fundamental teachings
- One of the abuses they targeted,
celibacy (remaining unmarried) - there
are no accurate & reliable statistics to
back it up
- The things they complained about (ignorant
priests, idle (lazy) monks, methods of receiving
money) were not worse or as widespread as
they were 100 years ago. It shows that the
Church was capable of reforming itself.
- Church always has been criticised. There
have been worse periods of corruption
(scandal where there were several popes at a
time) but the Church has always been able to
adapt itself
- 1500-Catholic Church
was the universal faith
- RENAISSANCE POPES
- Popes claimed their authority from
the promises Christ made to Peter -
Petrine Promises - They are St
Peters successors
- C15th-16th -
Popes authority
was in decline
- Growing anti-papal feeling
(Mainly in Germany)
- Growing anti-papal feeling
(Mainly in Germany)
- FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES -Popes
were businessmen
- Fees to collect Annates, First
Fruits, provide exemption from
some of the rules in Church,
benefice
- Required administrators (costly)
- Required administrators (costly)
- Some states were
beginning to reduce the flow
of funds (England) & there
were increased costs
- New ways had to be found
to raise money - unpopular
- Simony (buying/selling church
jobs) & Pluralism (holding more
than one job)
- E.G. Archbishop of
Salzburg was charged
10,000 guilden to
become an archbishop
- E.G. Archbishop of
Salzburg was charged
10,000 guilden to
become an archbishop
- Showed Pope as greedy
than caring for the needy
- 'The Church charged its
members for all its services-for
marriages, baptisms,
confessions & burials' - J.A.P.
Jones
- 'The Church charged its
members for all its services-for
marriages, baptisms,
confessions & burials' - J.A.P.
Jones
- Simony (buying/selling church
jobs) & Pluralism (holding more
than one job)
- Fees to collect Annates, First
Fruits, provide exemption from
some of the rules in Church,
benefice
- PRESSURE ON POPE TO BE A
SECULAR RULER
- Wordly power instead of
religious power
- In control of papal states in central
Italy (He had to govern & defend
these areas)
- 1494 Italian wars began,
so the Pope became more
involved in worldly affairs
- Wordly power instead of
religious power
- LEADERSHIP CRISIS
- Some Popes claims to
spirtitual leadership was odd
as scandals occurred -
including in the papal court
(Alexander VI, Julius II, Leo X)
- Visitors to Rome
(Erasmus/Luther) were shocked
to see luxury & a causal attitude
to practicing the Catholic faith
- In Germany - anti papal
& growing sense of
nationalism ( because of
foreign papal interference
& increasing Church tax)
- May have been exaggerated on the
scandalous lives of the papacy - the
public lapped it up by descriptions,
cartoons which spread because of the
printing press. These gained more
importance after 1517
- Crisis of leadership did not always weaken the
peoples faith. It must also be remembered some
Popes tried to enforce reform - Previously, (last
200 years) European rulers had decreased the
papal authority, meaning it was hard for them to
enforce change
- Some Popes claims to
spirtitual leadership was odd
as scandals occurred -
including in the papal court
(Alexander VI, Julius II, Leo X)
- Popes claimed their authority from
the promises Christ made to Peter -
Petrine Promises - They are St
Peters successors
- IGNORANCE OF THE CLERGY
- HIGHER CLERGY
- Bishops/archbishop tended to come from the nobility, so
when given their job, they came into it with the same
attitude as if they were still nobility (eating to excess,
wearing rich garments, large numbers of servants,
building grand houses)
- IGNORANCE as they did not show a true example to the public
- IGNORANCE as they did not show a true example to the public
- ABSENTEEISM (not living in your diocese) -
e.g. Archbishop of Sens only entered his
own cathedral once - his funeral
- PLURALISM (holding more than one job)
- PLURALISM (holding more than one job)
- NOT all ignorant - good level of
education, there are records to show
bishops who visited their parishes who
improved discipline & faults
- Absenteeism could be
caused by the monarch
using them as
ministers/diplomats
- Absenteeism could be
caused by the monarch
using them as
ministers/diplomats
- Supply of high quality/educated
bishops were limited
- Bishops/archbishop tended to come from the nobility, so
when given their job, they came into it with the same
attitude as if they were still nobility (eating to excess,
wearing rich garments, large numbers of servants,
building grand houses)
- MONASTERIES & CONVENTS
- Spiritual decline
- Records show that there was a lack of
discipline, ignorance of daily routine
prayer, inability to read, breaking vows
of celibacy, not living lives of poverty
- cannot carry out
the rules of
monastic life
- cannot carry out
the rules of
monastic life
- Records show that there was a lack of
discipline, ignorance of daily routine
prayer, inability to read, breaking vows
of celibacy, not living lives of poverty
- Admission to monasteries was too easy (no
education required)
- Wealthy convent could receive
daughters of the noble class who were
unmarried. They could live comfortably
but have little interest/ignorance in
religious life
- Some signs of reform; stricter
groups of monks created -
Franciscians (Spain) &
Augustians (Germany)
- Spiritual decline
- LOWER CLERGY
- Parish priests/clergy
condemned for their
ignorance
- Visitations to Italy show that
some could not read service
books or say basic prayers
- Ignorance increasing as
bursaries were becoming
harder to access for the
poorer priests
- Entry was so easy all you really
needed was basic education
- Visitations to Italy show that
some could not read service
books or say basic prayers
- Did not wear separate clerical clothes,
joined in activities of the parish church,
gamed/quarreled with their neighbour
- Received tithes, fees from
marriages/burials/baptism. Sometimes
gained free labour
- Church producing too
much priests
- Poor, young,
unemployed, little
education - a
dangerous
combination that
could affect the
standards of the
Church
- Poor, young,
unemployed, little
education - a
dangerous
combination that
could affect the
standards of the
Church
- Celibacy (remaining
unmarried) hard to
enforce - easy to spot -
ideal for criticisms
- Parish priests/clergy
condemned for their
ignorance
- HIGHER CLERGY
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