evolutionary change within
a species or small group of
organisms, especially over
a short period.
when the diversity of, is studied, is called
Population genetics
Population genetics
is the study of the
distribution and
change in frequency
of alleles within
populations
involves
gene pool
which refers to
allele frequency
the relative frequency of an allele
(variant of a gene) at a particular
locus in a population, expressed
as a fraction or percentage.
the stock of
different genes in
an interbreeding
population.
Gene Flow
the transfer of alleles
or genes from one
population to another.
genetic drift
which can be typed as
bottleneck effect
Population
bottlenecks occur
when a population's
size is reduced for at
least one generation.
founder effect
the reduced genetic
diversity that results when
a population is descended
from a small number of
colonizing ancestors
variation in the
relative frequency
of different
genotypes in a small
population, owing to
the chance
disappearance of
particular genes as
individuals die or do
not reproduce.
types of natural
selection such as
stabilizing selection
a type of natural selection
in which genetic diversity
decreases and the
population mean
stabilizes on a particular
trait value.
directional seletion
which an extreme
phenotype is
favored over
other
phenotypes,
causing the allele
frequency to shift
over time in the
direction of that
phenotype.
disruptive selection
describes
changes in
population
genetics in
which extreme
values for a trait
are favored over
intermediate
values.
Sexual Selection
natural selection
arising through
preference by one
sex for certain
characteristics in
individuals of the
other sex.
can be in
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
which is related to
Hardy Weinberg Principle
Mathematical law stating that the gene
frequencies in a population remain stable if
evolution does not occur due to nonrandom
mating, selection, migration, and genetic
drift..
states that allele and
genotype frequencies in a
population will remain
constant from generation to
generation in the absence of
other evolutionary influences.
may become
Reproductively Isolated
the situation where different
species may live in the same area,
but properties of individuals
prevent them from interbreeding.
which may involve
inbreeding
breed from closely
related people or
animals,
especially over
many generations.
non-random mating
another type of
which is called
assortative mating
a mating pattern and a form
of sexual selection in which
individuals with similar
genotypes and/or phenotypes
mate with one another more
frequently than would be
expected under a random
mating pattern.
when the
probability that
two individuals
in a population
will mate is not
the same for all
possible pairs
of individuals.
whose traits may be
polygenetic
having more than one origin or source.
A group of organisms
of one species that
interbreed and live
in the same place at
the same time