Living and Growing

Molecules of Life
1. Cell Structure
  1. Number of mitochondria in cytoplasm dep. on cell activity
    1. Where respiration occurs
    2. Muscle/liver cells: High concentration
    3. Ribosomes
      1. < Mitochondria
      2. Site of protein synthesis
  2. DNA
    1. Double Helix
      1. 4 bases: A-T G-C
        Each 3 pairs: 1 Gene
        Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries code to ribosomes
        Many proteins made are Enzymes, controlling cell activity
        Complimentary pairs
    2. Watson and Crick
      1. Built double helix based on:
        X-rays showed DNA wound in double helix
        Data indicated it occurred in in pairs
      2. Discovered DNA in 1953, nobel prize in 1962.
        Delay because other scientists had to corroborate
Proteins + Mutations
1. Long chains of amino acids
  1. Each with unique amino acid number + order
    1. Results in different function
2. Protein Functions:
  1. Structural eg. Collagen
    1. Build cells, tissues
  2. Hormones eg. Insulin
    1. Control body functions
  3. Carrier proteins eg. Haemoglobin
    1. Carries oxygen
3. Enzymes:
  1. Speed up bodily reactions
  2. Biological catalysts speed up:
    1. Respiration
    2. Photosynthesis
    3. Protein Synthesis
  3. 'Lock and Key' mechanism
    1. Substrate comes together with enzyme
      1. Separate Products made
  4. Optimum: Best temp. and pH
    1. At low temps. molecules move slowly
      1. High temp. Denatures enzymes
    2. pH extremes denature enzymes
    3. Calculated by Temperature Coefficient:
      1. "Q10 = Rate at higher temp' / Rate at lower temp'
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	Criado por Oliver Wood quase 11 anos atrás