C1.2 and C1.3

Limestone
1. Calcium Carbonate
2. Building Material
  1. making cement mortar and concrete
    1. limestone roasted with clay makes cement
      1. add sand and water to make mortar
      2. add aggregate concrete is made
3. cheap and easy to maintain
  1. eroded by acid rain
4. quarried
5. heating limestone
  1. decomposes in kiln
    1. called thermal decomposition
  2. breaks down into
    1. calcium oxide
      1. add water to produce calcium hydroxide
    2. carbon dioxide
ores
1. earths crust
2. called minerals
3. contains enough metal to be economically viable
4. found by mining
extracting metals
1. unreactive metals obtained by panning
2. less reactive than carbon are heated with carbon
3. more reactive than carbon electroloysis
4. most metals found as metal oxides
extraction of copper
1. conducor of heat
  1. good conductor of electrcity
2. doesnt react with water
3. can be extracted by copper rich ores
  1. by heating in a furnace
    1. called smelting
  2. can then be purified by electroloysis
4. can be found from scrap iron by displacement
5. electroloysis
  1. during electroloysis positive copper irons go to negative electrode
6. running out of copper
  1. extracted from low grade ores
  2. bioleaching
    1. uses bacteria to extract low grade ores
    2. a solution containing bacteria is mixed with a low grade ore
    3. the bacteria convert into solution where easily extracted
  3. phytomining
    1. uses plants to absorb copper
    2. as the plant grows it absorbs and stores copper
    3. the plants are burned the ash produced contains copper
iron
1. iron oxide
  1. can be reduced by blast furnace
  2. produces molten iron
    1. contains 96% iron and 4% carbon
2. impure iron is brittle
  1. impurities removed to make pure iron
3. atoms in pure iron are arranged in layers
  1. these can easily slide over each other
    1. this makes it soft and malleable
alloys
1. many metals are too soft for everyday use
  1. e.g. gold and aluminium
2. they are mixed with small amounts of other metals
  1. this makes them much harder e.g. coins
steel
1. carbon is added to iron to make steel
2. steels properties
  1. high carbon content is hard and strong
  2. low carbon content is soft and malleable
  3. stainless steal is hard and resistant to corrosion

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steel.gif (image/gif)

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C1.2 and C1.3

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	Criado por evan.madeley mais de 10 anos atrás