572745
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Rachel Campbell, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Rachel Campbell
quase 11 anos atrás
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A2: Migration: Causes,
Streams and Impacts (iv)
- Small-scale case study of
OUT-MIGRATION: Barra & Vatersay
- Factfile
- Located on Outer
Hebrides, off the West coast
of Scotland
- Has a mountainous centre
- most settlements are
found along the coast
- Total pop.
of 1172
- Remote Island -
transport links are few
- Flights from Glasgow
- 5 hour ferry from Oban
- 40 min crossing from
Eriskay to Barra
- Flights from Glasgow
- Main road around
coast - 12km
- An airport on north of
island - beach serves as
a runway
- Located on Outer
Hebrides, off the West coast
of Scotland
- Implications on
Service Provision
- Small pop. -
services are limited
- Most services are low
order + concentrated in
Castlebay - "capital"
- A primary school
- 3 small hotels
- convenience store
- petrol station
- post office
- doctors and
dentist but no
hospital
- A primary school
- Gov. funding established the
Barra community co-operative
which setup a shop in Castlebay
- Small pop. -
services are limited
- Economic Activity
- Few opps. for
economically active age
groups
- Tourism generates
seasonal jobs
- Traditional opps. e.g.
crofting + fishing
employ an ever
decreasing number of
people
- Jan>June 2001
unemployment fell in Barra
from 5 - 3.4% due to the
building of the Eroskay
causeway Unemployment
grew again after it was
completed.
- Gross weekly
earnings are 12%
lower then the
Scottish average,
whilst costs of fuel,
food and transport
can be up to 20%
higher than the
mainland
- Continued
depopulation
- Continued
depopulation
- Few opps. for
economically active age
groups
- Social Stability
- Small working pop. and those
who left are unlikely to return
with their families
- Many 15+ year olds
will leave when they
reach working age
- Small working pop. and those
who left are unlikely to return
with their families
- European Commission
> critical threshold
pop. of 4-5 1000
required for the island
to be sustainable
- Factfile
- Small-case case study of
IN-MIGRATION: Delhi, India
- Factfile
- 16M people in New Delhi
- 12,000 per hectare
- 12,000 per hectare
- 4.1M in Shanties (jhuggies)
along roads and railway
lines
- Squatter resettlement
schemes caused urban
area to spread
outwards - 15km from
New Delhi
- Independence - massive pop.
redistribution (500,000 people
moved to Delhi in 2 months)
- Rural > Urban
internal migration
- 2001 - 11%
urban dwellers
by 2001 - 27.8%
- 2001 - 11%
urban dwellers
by 2001 - 27.8%
- 16M people in New Delhi
- Service Provision
- Health + Sanitation
- IMR =
183/1000
- 1534 toilets for
16M people
- 750 ppl. to 1 tap
- 125 ppl. to one latrine -
crowded, dirty and distant -
open spaces become
waste lands
- IMR =
183/1000
- Education
- 9% of ppl. have
higher education
- 56% have
secondary
education
- 4/5 slum children
don't have
education (esp.
girls)
- 9% of ppl. have
higher education
- Air Quality
- 56% pollution
from industry
- 21% from
domestic
- By 2001, 72%
from traffic
- 60% of children suffer
from asthma, lung disease
is 12 times the average
- 56% pollution
from industry
- Housing
- 2.4M people live in
jhuggies in Delhi
- Unauthorised colonies which
are illegal, unregistered and
lack services
- Unauthorised colonies which
are illegal, unregistered and
lack services
- Housing projects endeavour
to improve housing, water
supply and infrastructure
- 2.4M people live in
jhuggies in Delhi
- Traffic
- Congestion is a major problem (1300
tonnes of emissions per day) killing
several hundred each year
- Congestion is a major problem (1300
tonnes of emissions per day) killing
several hundred each year
- Waste
- 1kg of solid
waste per
person/per day
- 6000 tonnes
of garbage
daily
- Landfill sites
polluted and
unsafe
- 2400M litres of water
waste a day - 50%
lost by poor pipes
- 1kg of solid
waste per
person/per day
- Health + Sanitation
- Economic Activity
- High
unemployment
- Large informal
sector workforce
- Children
forced/needed
for work
- Garbage employment -
stripped copper wires - 50
rupees a kilo
- Living Standards
- Poverty, malnutrition and
homelessness is common
- Low standard if living
- Poverty, malnutrition and
homelessness is common
- High
unemployment
- Social Stability
- Extended
family living
- Conflict for water supplies that
arrive daily in tankers and are
collected in cans
- Migrants in construction
live on land where
buildings are being built -
contractors not receive
25% of payment until
labourers are cleared
- In the new city,
residential areas of the
city are segregated
according to race +
occupation
- Slum dwellers not
considered to be
citizens - they
have no rights
- High crime rates
-gangsters in
charge of politics
- force people to
vote
- Women work
whilst men sleep
in the day
- Extended
family living
- Factfile
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