Macro Enironment Grade 10

The physical or natural environment
1. Important for our lives
2. We need to look after this environment
  1. We depend on it to survive
  2. We need to ensure that we have clean air and water
3. We need to look after our resources
4. External to the business
5. Business does not have much control over this environment
6. It refers to weather, physical location and availability of natural resources
7. Location and access to the rest of the world
The Economic Environment
1. The economy has a large impact on businesses
2. Interest Rate
  1. Rate at which borrowed money must be repaid
  2. Determined by the Reserve Bank
    1. This bank sets the repo rate
      1. Rate at which ordinary banks borrow money from Reserve bank
3. The Exchange Rate
  1. Price at which one currency can be exchanged for another
  2. When the rand is weak, we'll need more rand to buy $1
    1. An American will be able to buy more rands with his fewer dollars
    2. This is good time to export because SA goods will cost less in the destination country.
  3. When rand is strong, it is cheaper to import
4. The Inflation Rate
  1. Indication of how much the cost of goods is increasing
  2. Measure of inflation is CPI
  3. When prices rise consumers buy less for each rand
5. The Labour Force
  1. All the people who productively work in economy
  2. Right no. of people with right skill and education
6. GDP
  1. Refers to how much a country produces in a year
    1. Includes everything that was produced by everyone.
  2. Indicator of a country's well being
  3. If economy and GDP grows too quickly prices for goods will increase
    1. This is because there is a rapid increased demand for goods
The Social Environment
1. All different issues in society that impact business
2. Unemployment
  1. Everyone who is unable to work
  2. 25% Dont have a job
  3. High unemployment = high poverty levels
  4. If poverty high, then businesses suffer because people dont have money to buy
3. Crime
4. HIV/AIDS
  1. One of Highest level in world
  2. Businesses help their people to get treatment
  3. Many people end up dying
The Cultural Environment
1. Culturally diverse
2. 11 Official languages
3. Greek, Italian, German communities
4. Different cultures, different ways to look at a problem
The Demographic Environment
1. Characteristics of people in country
2. Characteristics such as age, gender, race, income and occupation
  1. Young vs old
  2. Women vs men
  3. How many different races
  4. Poor or rich
  5. If businesses understand it then it helps them to match products
The Technological Environment
1. Fundamental part of any business
2. Use of science to solve problems
3. The more complicated the business the more complicated the technology being used
The Political Environment
1. SA been a democracy since 1994
2. Employment Equity Act and BEE Policy overcome past injustices
The Global Environment
1. Globalisation
2. Increase in global competition
3. More globalisation more opportunities for businesses
The Institutional Environment
1. Formal and Informal components
2. Formal = laws, rules, procedures that regulate how businesses are run
3. Informal = culture
The Relationships between Environments
Legal Environment
1. Its made up of all the different laws and agencies that enforce them
2. Laws are developed by National Assemblies and passed by parliament
3. Highest law is Constitution
4. Laws are enforced by different authorities

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