592937
Descrição
Mapa Mental por danny-hudson97, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por danny-hudson97
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Stress and the
Immune System
- Kiecolt-Glaser
et al (2005)
- He looked at the
effects of marital
arguments on the
immune system
and wound
healing
- Method
- 42 couples who had been married for an average of 12 years had small suction devices placed on their arms to
deliberately create eight small blisters. The tops of these were removed and a small bubble placed over the top allowing
fluids to be withdrawn. On their first visit the couples were drawn into a positive discussion about behaviours they’d like
to change. Two months later the couples returned and the procedure repeated. This time however, they were drawn into
a negative discussion about areas of disagreement which often provoked strong feelings
- 42 couples who had been married for an average of 12 years had small suction devices placed on their arms to
deliberately create eight small blisters. The tops of these were removed and a small bubble placed over the top allowing
fluids to be withdrawn. On their first visit the couples were drawn into a positive discussion about behaviours they’d like
to change. Two months later the couples returned and the procedure repeated. This time however, they were drawn into
a negative discussion about areas of disagreement which often provoked strong feelings
- Findings
- It was found that on the second visit the blisters took a whole
day longer to heal (60% longer) and that levels of the hormone
interleukin-6 that controls wound healing was much higher.
Women seemed to be particularly prone to the effects.
- It was found that on the second visit the blisters took a whole
day longer to heal (60% longer) and that levels of the hormone
interleukin-6 that controls wound healing was much higher.
Women seemed to be particularly prone to the effects.
- He looked at the
effects of marital
arguments on the
immune system
and wound
healing
- The
Immune
System
- It is the network of cells and chemicals throughout the body
that functions to seek out and destroy invading particles.
- White Blood Cells
- They are also known as leucocytes
- There are two
types of white
blood cells;
- 2. Lymphocytes
- These produce
antibodies which attach
themselves to the
foreign particles,
slowing them down and
making it easier for other
immune cells such as
the phagocytes to
destroy them – system
takes longer to work as
it is a specific chemical
response.
- Two types of
Lymphocytes
- B
Cells
- They produce
antibodies which
are released into
the fluid
surrounding the
body’s cells to
destroy the
invading viruses
and bacteria.
- They produce
antibodies which
are released into
the fluid
surrounding the
body’s cells to
destroy the
invading viruses
and bacteria.
- T
Cells
- If the invader gets inside
a cell, these cells lock on
to the infected cell,
multiply and destroy it.
- If the invader gets inside
a cell, these cells lock on
to the infected cell,
multiply and destroy it.
- B
Cells
- These produce
antibodies which attach
themselves to the
foreign particles,
slowing them down and
making it easier for other
immune cells such as
the phagocytes to
destroy them – system
takes longer to work as
it is a specific chemical
response.
- 1. Phagocytes
- These surround and ingest the
invading foreign particles
wherever they encounter them
- These surround and ingest the
invading foreign particles
wherever they encounter them
- 2. Lymphocytes
- There are two
types of white
blood cells;
- They are also known as leucocytes
- It is the network of cells and chemicals throughout the body
that functions to seek out and destroy invading particles.
- Keicolt-Glaser
Et Al (1984)
- Aim
- He investigated whether the stress of short
term stressors had an effect on immune
system functioning in medical students.
- He investigated whether the stress of short
term stressors had an effect on immune
system functioning in medical students.
- Procedure
- Blood samples (from medical students) were
taken 1 month before (low stress) and during
the exam period (high stress). Immune
system function were assessed by measuring
NK Cell activity in the blood samples.
- Blood samples (from medical students) were
taken 1 month before (low stress) and during
the exam period (high stress). Immune
system function were assessed by measuring
NK Cell activity in the blood samples.
- Findings
- Natural Killer (NK) Cell activity was significantly
reduced in the second blood sample compared to
the sample taken 1 month before.
- Natural Killer (NK) Cell activity was significantly
reduced in the second blood sample compared to
the sample taken 1 month before.
- Conclusion
- This suggests that short term, predictable
stressors reduce immune system functioning,
increasing vulnerability to illness
- This suggests that short term, predictable
stressors reduce immune system functioning,
increasing vulnerability to illness
- Strengths
- “natural environment”
and Ethologically valid
- Heightens awareness of risks
of stress, exam pressures
- “natural environment”
and Ethologically valid
- Limitation
- Sample is small, medical
students who are young
- Other factors
could decrease
NK cells >
lifestyle choice
- Where the
blood sample
is taken from
- Sample is small, medical
students who are young
- Aim
- Segerstrom and
Miller (2004)
- He carried out a
meta-analysis of
other studies and
concluded pretty
much the same
thing.
- Findings
- Short term stress
boosts immunity
whereas long term,
chronic stress
suppresses immunity.
- The longer the stress
continues the weaker the
immune response becomes
leaving us more and more
prone to infection.
- Short term stress
boosts immunity
whereas long term,
chronic stress
suppresses immunity.
- He carried out a
meta-analysis of
other studies and
concluded pretty
much the same
thing.
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