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Atomic Structure
- Mass, Atomic Number and Particles
- Atomic Number = Proton Number = Z
- Mass Number = Number of Protons and Neurtrons = A
- Isotopes
- Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
- React the same chemically
- Vary in mass number
- Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
- Atomic Number = Proton Number = Z
- Mass Spectrometer
- 1. Gaseous state
- 2. Ionisation - beam of electrons from an electron gun knocks electrons to make positive ions
- 3. Acceleration - positive ions are attracted towards negatively charged plates and are accelerated the lighter the ions the faster they go , they pass through slits in the plates forming a beam
- 4. Deflection - beam moves into a magnetic field which deflects them into an arc (m/z dependant) heavier ions are deflected less
- 5. Detection - magnetic field is gradually increased so ions with increasing mass enter the detector creating a current proportional to their abundance
- 1. Gaseous state
- Electron arrangement
- 1S, 2S, 2P, 3S, 3P, 3D, 4S etc
- 2 electrons in s orbital, 6 in p orbital, 10 in d orbital and 14 in f orbital
- 1S, 2S, 2P, 3S, 3P, 3D, 4S etc
- Ionisation energy
- the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
- General increace across periods because nuclear charge increaces
- decreace down periods because the outer electron is further away from the nucleus
- the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
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