IT is spoken language that's used in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversations, also called Connected discourse
Stress Patterns
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There are words with "full" forms, and "weak" forms, because English is a stressed timed language. And when we try to make the intervals between the stressed syllables equal, to give the phrase rhythm, we tend to take non-essential words.
ASPECTS
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Speech is a continuous stream of sounds, with no clear borders between them, so the aspects may help to explain why the Written English is different from the Spoken one.
Intrusion and Linking
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When two vowel sounds meet, we tend to insert an extra sound,/j/, /w/, or /j/, to mark the transition sound between the two vowels.
Word boundaries involving a consonant and a vowel are also linked, as we tend to drag final consonants to initial vowels or vice versa.
Elision
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It is the omission of a sound, a phoneme, in speech. It is common in casual conversation. Can be an unstressed vowel, consonant or syllable.
Processes (CSP)
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Allophone:
is an audibly distinct variant of a phoneme, such as the different pronunciation of the 't' sound in 'tar' and 'star'.