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Class Differences in achievement:
External Factors
- External Factors: outside
education: influence of the
home, family background and
wider society
- Cultural Deprivation
- Intellectual
development
- Attitudes and values
- Working class pupils
place less value on
education
- Less
encouragement
for WC
- Leon Fernstein
- Parents' lack of interest main reason for
under-achievement
- Parents' lack of interest main reason for
under-achievement
- Herbert Hyman- values and beliefs of lower class
subculture are a 'self imposed barrier'
- Barry Sugarman
- Four key features that act as a barrier to
education achievement
- Fatalism
- believing in fate
- believing in fate
- Collectivism
- valuing being part of a group
- valuing being part of a group
- Immediate gratification
- immediate pleasure over
future pleasure
- immediate pleasure over
future pleasure
- Present-time
orientation
- present more important than
future
- present more important than
future
- Fatalism
- Four key features that act as a barrier to
education achievement
- Working class pupils
place less value on
education
- Language
- Basil Bernstein
- Two types of speech code
- Elaboratated Code
- Restricted code
- Elaboratated Code
- Two types of speech code
- Middle class have advantage
- Basil Bernstein
- Intellectual
development
- Compensatory Education
- Designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation
- Operation Head Start, USA
- Pre-school education in
poorer areas
- Sesame Street
- Pre-school education in
poorer areas
- Education Action Zones
- Educational
Priority Areas
- Sure Start
- Designed to tackle the problem of cultural deprivation
- The myth of cultural deprivation
- Nell Keddie
- "victim-blaming situation"
- Fail because they are put at
a disadvantage
- "victim-blaming situation"
- Barry Troyna and Jenny
Wiilliams
- School's attitude
towards language
- School's attitude
towards language
- Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore
- parents work longer hours= less
parents evenings
- parents work longer hours= less
parents evenings
- Nell Keddie
- Material Deprivation
- Poverty and lack of
material necessities.
- Housing
- Overcrowding
- Lack of development,
not enough space for
play
- May move a lot
- Changes in school, disrupted
education
- Changes in school, disrupted
education
- Health effects
- Overcrowding
- Diet and Health
- Marilyn Howard
- Young people from poorer homes
have a lower intake of energy,
vitamins and minerals
- Affects health
- Affects health
- Young people from poorer homes
have a lower intake of energy,
vitamins and minerals
- Richard
Wilkinson
- Lower the social class the higher the
rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and
conduct disorders
- Lower the social class the higher the
rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and
conduct disorders
- Marilyn Howard
- Financial support &
costs of education
- Have to cope without equipment
- Hand-me-downs
- Hand-me-downs
- Emily Tanner
- Education prices= heavy
burden on families
- Education prices= heavy
burden on families
- Have to take on jobs
- Negative impact on schoolwork
- Negative impact on schoolwork
- Have to cope without equipment
- Poverty and lack of
material necessities.
- Cultural Capital
- Knowledge, attitudes, values, language,
tastes and abilities of the middle class
- Middle class pupils have an advantage
- WC pupils feel their culture is devalued
as inferior.
- Education isn't for them
- Education isn't for them
- WC pupils feel their culture is devalued
as inferior.
- Knowledge, attitudes, values, language,
tastes and abilities of the middle class
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