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627116
Fundamentals of ComputerSystems: Pages 1-5
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Computing
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Fundamentals of ComputerSystems: Pages 1-5
Computer Systems
Computer
An electronic, programmable data processing machine
System
A collection of parts that work together for some defined purpose
Computer system
A collection of hardware and software that woks together to achieve some data processing task
A system is separated from the outside world by a SYSTEM BOUNDARY
They are often known as INTERFACES
Examples:
Holiday booking
Inputs - dates, destinations, credit card details
Processing - check availability, produce documents
Outputs - itineraries, air tickets, hotel reservations
Satnav
Inputs - signals form satellites, inputs from user
Processing - check position, locate on map, output map
Outputs - route, places of interest, warnings
Systems receive INPUTS
PROCESS these inputs
OUTPUT the result of the processing
Importance of Computer Systems
Improved quality of manufacturing
Cheaper manufacturing
Faster access to information
Better decision making
New ways of doing buisness
New ways of communicating
Types of Computer System
General-purpose systems
Designed to perform multiple tasks using various applications e.g. laptops, iphones
Dedicated systems
Perform a single function or set of functions e.g. train ticket-vending machine
Control systems
Control machinery and are important in manufacturing processes
Embedded systems
Part of a larger system (usually control systems)
They include portable devices like satnavs and camera, but also larger installations like traffic lights
Can be very simple or highly complex
Expert systems
Behave like a human expert
Used for diagnosing diseases, finding faults in machinery, etc.
They have three component parts:
1) A knowledge base (a database of facts)
2) An inference engine (software that makes deductions using the knowledge base)
3) An interface (to allow a human user access the system)
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