646849
WW1
(1914-1918)
- Defence of India Act
1915
- legislation designed to give the government of
British India special powers to deal with
revolutionary and German-inspired threats
during WW1 especially in the Punjab.
- A special legal tribunal was set up
to deal with such cases without prior
commitment and with no appeal.
- A special legal tribunal was set up
to deal with such cases without prior
commitment and with no appeal.
- Power was also taken for the
internment of suspects.
- By 1918 there were about
800 internees detained under
this and other provisions.
- Extended controls -
Rowlatt Acts ( Feb 1919)
- led to non-cooperation
movement (1919)
- led to non-cooperation
movement (1919)
- The act, being a wartime
measure, was due to
expire six months after
the end of hostilities.
- legislation designed to give the government of
British India special powers to deal with
revolutionary and German-inspired threats
during WW1 especially in the Punjab.
- Formation of Home Rule Leagues
1916
- Annie Besant
- Besant's All-India Home Rule
League was smaller then Tilak's
and grew more slowly but its
network committees covered
most of the rest of India.
- "Freedom without
separation"
- Besant's All-India Home Rule
League was smaller then Tilak's
and grew more slowly but its
network committees covered
most of the rest of India.
- Tilak
- Tilak's Home Rule League for
India rapidly gained 32,000
members despite being
focused on just two regions of
Maharashtra and Karnataka.
- Tilak's Home Rule League for
India rapidly gained 32,000
members despite being
focused on just two regions of
Maharashtra and Karnataka.
- The home rule leagues were based
closely on the campaigns for home rule
in Ireland in the late nineteenth century
- Tilak + Besant joined together to
gain as much support as possible.
- Both ended up arrested
- Both ended up arrested
- Brits realised they needed
to do something
- Montagu declaration
- Montagu declaration
- Annie Besant
- Lucknow Pact
1916
- covered a broad statement of political
objectives + the precise details of future
electorates, once India was self governing.
- Proportion of seats
in the provincial
councils reserved
for Muslims
- occasion enhanced by the
re-integration of the radical
wing of the Congress Party
at the same session
- On Muslim side, there was
resentment against the British
over...
- The declaration of war against
Turkey, home of the Ottoman
Sultan, the head of the
international Muslim community
- the 1911 reversal of
the partition of Bengal
which had originally
been of benefit to
Muslim Politicians
- The declaration of war against
Turkey, home of the Ottoman
Sultan, the head of the
international Muslim community
- To the British it seemed that the
nationalist movement was
reuniting and gaining strength
- There were general agreements
such as, provincial councillors
would serve for 5 years etc.
- covered a broad statement of political
objectives + the precise details of future
electorates, once India was self governing.
- Montagu Declaration
1917
- It was clear to the British that there
was no benefit in postponing political
concessions until after the war
- Montagu set off on a
massive tour of India
to consult politicians
and public opinion
- His findings were published in the 1918 M/C report
(which would become the basis for the 1919
legislation)
- By the time the reforms became law,
events at Amritsar would have sealed
the fate of the British Empire in Britain
- By the time the reforms became law,
events at Amritsar would have sealed
the fate of the British Empire in Britain
- His findings were published in the 1918 M/C report
(which would become the basis for the 1919
legislation)
- "increasing association of
Indians in every branch of the
administration and the gradual
development of self-governing
institutions with a view to the
progressive realisation of
responsible government in
India as part of the British
Empire."
- "gradual" - no
intention in giving self
rule any time soon
- "gradual" - no
intention in giving self
rule any time soon
- It was clear to the British that there
was no benefit in postponing political
concessions until after the war
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