'After having avoided wrong and doing one's duty, an infinity of choices are left to be made.'
No complicated calculations
opposition to Utilitarianism
less risk and uncertainty
Humanitarian principle
basis for human rights
absolutist - no exceptions
Shelly Kagan
Anotações:
the theory 'imposes restraints on our moral behaviour.' - restrict from following moral intuition
duties conflict - no guidance
e.g. government sacrifice soldiers for majority
W D Ross - bridge some gaps
more applicable 21st cent
but contradicts Kant
Universibility
redutio ad absurdum
"All boys called Frank wear green shoes..."
William K Frankena
Anotações:
"There is more to the moral point of view than being willing to universalise one's rules."
Naturalistic Fallacy
Hume - Is/ought gap
removes sympathy and emotion
Singer
Anotações:
It is only when a person loses all sympathy with the fate of others and is not moved by intimations that an action has its genuine moral worth."
'moral fanaticism' - closed system
dangerous
elevation of perceived duty above all consideration of humanity
e.g. freedom fighters
Anotações:
Pharisees "You give God a tenth of your mint but you neglect justice and love of God. You should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone."
e.g. Adolf Eichmann - Nazi SS officer
Conclusion
logical and reasoned
limited and rigid
Schopenhauer
Anotações:
'cold and inhumane' - practical and arrive at conclusions that work in real world.