History- Ancient Egypt

Nile River
1. Beliefs
  1. Gods
    1. Hapi
    2. Ra
2. Agriculture
  1. Washed ashore black, fertile mud for crops
  2. Crops planted along the Nile
  3. Nile relied on for food
3. Importance
  1. Herodotus quotes "Egypt is the gift of the Nile"
  2. Without the Nile Egyptians could not...
    1. Bathe
    2. Drink reliable water
    3. Plant crops for food
  3. Hymn of the Nile
Religion and Beliefs
1. Gods
  1. Most important
    1. Osiris
      1. God of death
    2. Ra
      1. God of the Sun
    3. Hapi
      1. God of the Nile
  2. Worship
    1. Temples
      1. In front of a shrine or statue
    2. Home
2. Afterlife and death
  1. Mummification
    1. To keep the body well preserved throughout the afterlife
    2. Wealthy Egyptians and Pharaohs could afford it
    3. God
      1. Anubis
  2. Journey to the Afterlife
    1. Weighing of the hearts ceremony
      1. Heavier then ma'at
        Oblivion
        Egyptians fear oblivion
        Eaten by Hammut
        Evil and bad weighs down your heart
      2. Light as ma'at
        Pass to the underworld
        Osiris approves
        Good intentions are favourable to ma'at
    2. Field of Reeds: Afterlife
      1. Similar to life
      2. Better and more blissful
      3. Eternal
Social Structure and Jobs
1. Pharaohs/ Royal Family
  1. Top of social structure
    1. Don't have to do jobs
    2. Rule egypt
    3. Seen as a god
      1. Osiris (first pharaoh)
  2. Seen as a god
2. Visiers and Priests
  1. Carried out services
    1. To the pharaoh
    2. To the gods
    3. In the temple
3. Scribes
  1. Wealthy
  2. Literate
  3. Wrote
    1. Heiroglyphics
4. Craftsmen
  1. Skilled
  2. Crafts
    1. Furniture
    2. Tools
5. Workers and Peasants
  1. Poor
  2. Worked on the farm
  3. Were paid, but very little
  4. Most common form of egyptian
6. Slaves
  1. Bottom of the Social Structure
  2. Did very hard work with no pay
  3. Treated like scum
  4. Built the Pyramids
Topography
1. 'Red' Land
  1. Barren desert
  2. Hard to survive
  3. Have a permanent settlement
2. 'Black' Land
  1. On the bank of the nile
    1. Washed ashore black silt and rich mud
    2. Fertile and used for crops
  2. Washed ashore by the floods

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