692081
American West - 1
- the Great Plains
- the 50 states today have
been acquired by war,
money and circumstance
- between western rocky
mountains and
mississippi river,
- to early travellers, the great plains
were seen as the Great American
Desert. it would be many years
before outsiders (non-indians)
began to see farming potential on
the Great Plains
- in the 1830's, they
could only see
problems - harsh
weather/lack of
trees/harsh wind and
absence of water
- the plains indians had a different
view - not farmers but hunters and
the Plains were perfect for a hunter's
way of life
- the plains indians had a different
view - not farmers but hunters and
the Plains were perfect for a hunter's
way of life
- Plains Indians
- used to cover many
different nations of the
Native Americans
- Sioux/Cheyenne
- Sioux/Cheyenne
- Plians indians - given to
Native Americans by foreign
explorers and not what they
would describe themsleves as
today
- Columbus thought he reached
India but it was America. he
discovered America but called the
people Indians anyway
- used to cover many
different nations of the
Native Americans
- what was it like?
- Climate
- Extreme Climate -
stong winds all year
around. in winter,
blizzards and freezing
cold; in summer very
hot winds and dried up
land and rivers
- Extreme Climate -
stong winds all year
around. in winter,
blizzards and freezing
cold; in summer very
hot winds and dried up
land and rivers
- Plains Indians
- well adapted for living in this
region - hunters who followed
the herds of buffalo as they
moved across the Plains -
nomadic. in summer, they
moved northwards away from
the heat and in winter they
camped in the foothills of the
Rocky Mountains where they
were sheltered from the
blizzards
- well adapted for living in this
region - hunters who followed
the herds of buffalo as they
moved across the Plains -
nomadic. in summer, they
moved northwards away from
the heat and in winter they
camped in the foothills of the
Rocky Mountains where they
were sheltered from the
blizzards
- Wildlife
- a variety of
animals and
birds - well
afapted to living
on the Plains.
Deer, rabbits and
buffalo were a
few examples
- a variety of
animals and
birds - well
afapted to living
on the Plains.
Deer, rabbits and
buffalo were a
few examples
- Vegetation
- in the west near the
Rockies, the grass was
short - towards the east,
it grew taller - prairie
grass. in some river
valleys and near the
river, there was
woodland. the land was
much drier in the south
and grass replaced by
semi-desert plants
- in the west near the
Rockies, the grass was
short - towards the east,
it grew taller - prairie
grass. in some river
valleys and near the
river, there was
woodland. the land was
much drier in the south
and grass replaced by
semi-desert plants
- Climate
- the 50 states today have
been acquired by war,
money and circumstance
- Surviving on the Great Plains
- TIPI
- home of
each indian
family
- made from buffalo
skin sewn together,
supported by a
circular frame of
wooden poles
- made from buffalo
skin sewn together,
supported by a
circular frame of
wooden poles
- could be taken down and
packed for transport in 10
minutes - suitable for plains
indians who were nomadic
- adjusted with the
seasons. in
summer, tipi
bottom - rolled up
to let air in and in
winter - banked
with earth to keep
warm
- conical shape
made it strong
and suitable for
wind
- responsibility of the
women. made it
owned it and put it
up/down so it could
be moved
- responsibility of the
women. made it
owned it and put it
up/down so it could
be moved
- home of
each indian
family
- BUFFALO
- provided the
necesseties for
life:
- hooves for making glue,
sinews for bowstrinsga and
thread, fur for decoration on
clothes, dung for fuel, skins for
fuel, bones for jewelry and
knives, fat for cooking/soap
and hair grease. eating meat
- hooves for making glue,
sinews for bowstrinsga and
thread, fur for decoration on
clothes, dung for fuel, skins for
fuel, bones for jewelry and
knives, fat for cooking/soap
and hair grease. eating meat
- provided the
necesseties for
life:
- HORSES
- brought by
European
invaders.
- made it easier to
hunt buffalo. easier to
move from place to
place and the tribe
could be defended
more easily
- made it easier to
hunt buffalo. easier to
move from place to
place and the tribe
could be defended
more easily
- brought by
European
invaders.
- POLITICS
- to survive,
members of
an indian
band had to
co-operate
and closely
work
together
- throughout the
year, they would
move across the
Plains. from time to
time, banks would
meet up to camp
and hunt tigether,
- onece a year, bands would meet
together as a nation. the political
organisation of them refelcted the
need for co-operation
- generosity was expected by chiefs in the
tribe, adding to their prestige and power.
ungenerous chiefs lost influence
- generosity was expected by chiefs in the
tribe, adding to their prestige and power.
ungenerous chiefs lost influence
- onece a year, bands would meet
together as a nation. the political
organisation of them refelcted the
need for co-operation
- throughout the
year, they would
move across the
Plains. from time to
time, banks would
meet up to camp
and hunt tigether,
- to survive,
members of
an indian
band had to
co-operate
and closely
work
together
- TIPI
- Their Beliefs
- Dances/ceremonies
- used when the whole tribe needed to
contact the spirits. the buffalo dance was
used to call the spirit world to call buffalo
before hunting. the most famous ceremony
was teh sun dance - used to get guidance
from spirit world
- religious:
- spirits - wakan tanka - great spirit
who created world and everything in
it. they also believed that all things
had spirits and could influence their
lives
- spirits - wakan tanka - great spirit
who created world and everything in
it. they also believed that all things
had spirits and could influence their
lives
- religious:
- used when the whole tribe needed to
contact the spirits. the buffalo dance was
used to call the spirit world to call buffalo
before hunting. the most famous ceremony
was teh sun dance - used to get guidance
from spirit world
- Land
- they came from it and would return. land
couldnt be owned/bought by an individual.
hhigh places were sacred - closer to spirit
world. the black hills were especially sacred
as their nation began from here
- they came from it and would return. land
couldnt be owned/bought by an individual.
hhigh places were sacred - closer to spirit
world. the black hills were especially sacred
as their nation began from here
- circles
- circle of nature, and they were
surrounded by circles. circle of
life and villages/tipis were
sacred
- circle of nature, and they were
surrounded by circles. circle of
life and villages/tipis were
sacred
- medicine men
- cures illness by using the
spirits. all spirit power was
considered as medicine.
people belived that they
became ill if they
possessed an evil spirit.
they tried to drive out evil
spirits
- cures illness by using the
spirits. all spirit power was
considered as medicine.
people belived that they
became ill if they
possessed an evil spirit.
they tried to drive out evil
spirits
- visions
- way of contacting the spirit world.
names were given as a result of
visions. women could easily contact
the spirit world to give them status.
menses began at the start of this
process and young girls received
training about contacting the spiriy
world
- way of contacting the spirit world.
names were given as a result of
visions. women could easily contact
the spirit world to give them status.
menses began at the start of this
process and young girls received
training about contacting the spiriy
world
- Dances/ceremonies
- familiy life
- elders - gave advice
and helped bring up
children. when old and
weak, exposure - left
behind. the survival of
the tribe was important
- not individual
- women - tipi/food/water
and making clothes/other.
judged by skills at crafts
and valued as barers of
children
- men - responsible for
hunting/look after
horses and protect
band.. judged by their
skills as
hunters,wariors and
horseman
- children - highly valued
- futue of band. learned
skills from parents. girls
- maintain a home; boys
- hunt
- elders - gave advice
and helped bring up
children. when old and
weak, exposure - left
behind. the survival of
the tribe was important
- not individual
- warfare
- men were
warriors to show
off bravery/gain a
wife
- counting coop - warrior got close to
enemy and touched him with a specal
stick rather than kill him. it was
considered braver as he got close
without killing
- Scalping - a warrior cut off
enemy's scalp and this was put on
the tipi as a trophy. it was fone so
they could not go to happyy
hunting ground - dont have to face
them in afterlife. it was considered
unheroic to die in battle
- went to war because:
- steal horses/captives
- revenge for a previous attack
- destroy a troublesome enemy
- rivalry for huning grounds
- protect way of life from white settlers
- NOT TO CONQUER TRIBES OR LAND - NOMADIC
- NOT TO CONQUER TRIBES OR LAND - NOMADIC
- protect way of life from white settlers
- rivalry for huning grounds
- destroy a troublesome enemy
- revenge for a previous attack
- steal horses/captives
- men were
warriors to show
off bravery/gain a
wife
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