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6956441
How did the Bolsheviks gain and hold on to power?
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How did the Bolsheviks gain and hold on to power?
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history
ya
bolsheviks
gcse
Mapa Mental por
Anouk Davies
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Anouk Davies
mais de 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
How did the Bolsheviks gain and hold on to power?
He tried to fulfil his promises of 'Peace, Land and Bread'
Peace
Trotsky was sent to negotiate a treaty 'THE TREATY OF BREST LITOVSK'
Russia lost Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and most of the Ukraine
This included 1/3 of iron works, 90% of coal industry, 1/6 if the population and 1/3 of the railway
50 Million people
Set the tone for the future (Germany-Briatin/France)
Land
Lenin abolished land ownership and land was owned by the state
Bread
Difficult to provide especially during civil war
Why did the Bolsheviks win the Civil War?
War Communism
Economic Policy introduced by Lenin
Factories taken over by the government
Strict discipline
Production was planned by the government
Food Rations
Peasants had to hand over surplus food
People stopped growing food
Trade became illegal
Money was worthless
The Red Terror
Assassination attempt on Lenin 1918
Mass executions
Middle and Upper class targeted
750,000 murdered
Execution of The Tsar
The Tsar and family were in exile
Posed a threat to the Bolsheviks
16th July 1918 the Tsar was shot with his family in the cellar
Bolsheviks Vs Opposition Force
Reds
Stay in power to build a socialist society
Held central Russia
Control over large Industries
Controlled railways
Organised (Trotsky)
Whites
Support the Tsar (supported by foreign countries)
Scattered around Russia
Communication difficulties
Lacked common aim and leader
How effectively did the Provisional Government rule Russia in 1917?
Problems they faced
Not a truly elected party
Soliders were deserting
Peasants were looting
Worker soviets were being created
Food shortages
Petrograd Soviet had power
April Theses
Lenin arrives on April 16th in Petrograd
Promises 'PEACE, LAND AND BREAD'
June offensive
Russian army launched offensive against Germany
Soviets were badly equipped
many deserted
many soldiers joined Bolsheviks
'July days'
Red Guard (unofficial army) had grown to 10,000
Riots broke out 16th/17th
crushed by governent
4400 people killed or injured
Consequences
Kerenksy became the new leader of the PG
Kerensky accused the Bolsheviks of working for Germany
Lenin fled
Reintroduced Death Penalty
started to reform industry and land ownership
Kornilov Revolt
Appointed as the new supreme commander by Kerenksy
September, Attempted to seize Petrograd
Uses the army against PG
Military dictatorship (army runs country)
Kerensky arms Bolsheviks and sets free many who were imprisoned in the July Days
Kornilov was arrested
Kerensky doesn't disarm the Bolsheviks
PG looks weak
Revolution
20th Oct) Lenin returns in disguise
23rd Oct) Lenin prepares for Revolution
6th Nov) Trotsky seizes key position in Petrograd
8th Nov) Lenin announces that a revolution as occurred
Who was who
Provisional Governement
Kerensky
Prince Lvov
Petrograd Soviets
Lenin
Crucial to Revolution
Convinced Bolsheviks to oppose war
Created the red guard
Remained leader although on the run
Decided on immediate revolution
Trotsky
Did not return until May 1917
Became chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
Trotsky organised November Revolution
created the Red Guards
How far was the New Economic Policy a success?
Peasants had to hand over a fixed amount to the government but could sell the rest for profit
Increased food supply
Encouraged Industry
Growth in Kulaks and NEPMEN
1921-1928
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