Asocial- recognise and form
bonds with carer but
behaviour towards non
humans and human is
similer first few weeks
indiscriminate attachment-
preference to famililar
people, no stranger anxiety
accept attention from
anyone 2-7 months
specific attachment- primary
attachment figure from 7 months old
multiple attachments- after primary attachment
they can form new attachments by age of 1
most children have multiple attachments
Influences Internal
Working model
rocky mountains newpaper
secure attachment
relationships lasted twice as
long as insecure
Maternal
deprivation
critical period, emotional harm
and intellectual harm (Goldbarb)
44 thieves
Cross cultural
differences
VK- 32 studies 8 countries- secure
most common, cultural practises
affect attachment
Instutionalisation
romaninan orphanages
intellectual- the
longer they were
there before they
wereadopted the
lower their IQ
attachment effects- attention
seeking, clinginess,
indiscriminate social behaviour
Zeanah
interactions
reciprocity
care giver and baby
have intense
interaction which is
the basis of
attachment and
babies are alert for
periods when they
are ready for
interaction
Feldman and
Eidelman- mothers
normally respond to
the alertness 2/3 of
time
interactional synchrony
coordination on micro
social level. actions and
emoitons mirror
eachother
Animal studies
Harlow:
monkeys
lorenz: imprinting (attach)
to the first thing they see
moving after hatching and
follow it
critical period first
few hours and it is
automatic
Bowlby's theory
claimed humans imprint
evolved to attach to main
care giver- usually mother
having special attachment
monotropy- this attachment to
survive because staying close to
mother ensures food and survival
strong attahcment is a safe base for
confidence to explore and gives us a
template for future relationships to
trust other cricital period of first 3 years
to attach this way or they may never do
if there is no attachment
it may damage the child's
social and emotional
development
attachment- a
close emotional
relationship
between infants
and care givers
attached- infants show desire
to be close to primary care
giver and distress when
seperated and pleasure when
reunited
Maccoby
seeking proximity
distress on separation
joy on reunion
orientation of
behaviour towards
other people
Learning theory
Behaviourist
theory
operant conditions- Dollard and
Miller- removal of discomfort
negative reinforcment