724842
Descrição
Mapa Mental por Beth Ritchie, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Beth Ritchie
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Psychodynamic
Methodology
- Case studies
- Involve one unique individual (or small group or particular programme
- Gather in-depth, detailed and rich data
- Gather qualitative data
- Triangulation used
- Pooling data from various research methods
- Looking for common themes/trends
- Pooling data from various research methods
- Used methods such as free association dream analysis and slips
of the tongue to uncover unconscious thoughts and desires
- Free assocaiation - patient lets a
stream of consciousness out, analyst
listens to find connections with the aim
of uncovering unconscious wishes
- Dream/symbol analysis - describe dream and look
for meaning - manifest content is description,
latent content is the underlying thoughts
- Slips of the tongue - wrong word is
used, revealing unconscious desires
- Free assocaiation - patient lets a
stream of consciousness out, analyst
listens to find connections with the aim
of uncovering unconscious wishes
- Used psychoanalysis to help patients
(analysands) to uncover repressed memories
- Strengths
- Only way of studying particular phenomena
- Produce valid data
- Freud's can be used to help patients
- Only way of studying particular phenomena
- Weaknesses
- Not replicable due to unique situation
- Low generalisability
- Could be subjective
- Concepts aren't measurable
- Not replicable due to unique situation
- Issues
- Ethically, confidentiality may be difficult in a case study
as one individual is studied, and they could be identified
- The interpretation of the analysst can push a patient towards
ideas that may not be their own due to power over the analysand
- There is gender bias - boys are focused on most
- Undue emphasis on sexual matters - particularly where there
is transference - patients having feelings for the analyst
- Ethically, confidentiality may be difficult in a case study
as one individual is studied, and they could be identified
- One way of testing Freud's theories is using correlation design and self report data
- Freud didn't use them himself but they can be used to test his ideas
- Self-report data is where a participant provides info
about themselves, through a questionnaire for example
- Ratiing scales can be used for this and provide ordinal data
- 3 levels of measurement
- 1st - Nominal
- Categories are recorded such as 'yes/no'
- Categories are recorded such as 'yes/no'
- 2nd - Ordinal
- Ranked data, such as rating scales
- Ranked data, such as rating scales
- 3rd - Interval/ratio
- Real measurement such as time
- Real measurement such as time
- 1st - Nominal
- They involve the same participant providing data for 2 measures
- They have 2 variables both of which are measured
- Its not a difference between the variables but a relationship between them that is looked for
- A correlationis a relationship between 2 variables measured on a scale where both measures come from one individual
- A positive correlation is where a rise in one variable causes a rise in the other variable
- A negative correlation is where a rise in one variable causes a fall in the other variable
- Spearmans rho
- Inferential statistical test
- Judge whether there is a correlation
- Can be carried out if:
- You're testing a relationship between 2 scores
- The level of measurement is ordinal/ratio data
- Correlation design used
- You're testing a relationship between 2 scores
- Perfect + correlation - +1, perfect negative, -1, none, 0
- Inferential statistical test
- Strengths
- Little manipulation of variables, few controls needed
- Show possibly unexpected relationships and can
therefore be used to point to new areas for research
- Little manipulation of variables, few controls needed
- Weaknesses
- No guarentee the relationship isnt due to chance
- Tend to lack validity as at least one of the variables
often has to be operationalised making it unnatural
- No guarentee the relationship isnt due to chance
- Longitudinal studies are those that follow one set of participants over time
- Strengths
- Useful for looking at developmental trends
- Same participants mean that participant variables wont lead to bias
- Useful for looking at developmental trends
- Weaknesses
- Difficult to keep all participants for each of the measures and people can drop out
- This can lead to bias if it excludes certain people, such as those who are shy
- Researchers themselves may change over time
- Difficult to keep all participants for each of the measures and people can drop out
- Cross sectional studies are seen as the opposite to longitudinal
- They are measures taken at one moment in time
- A cross section of the population is chosen and those people's results on some measurement are compared
- Strengths
- Gather immediate results so are easy to carry out, as well as being cheaper
- More ethical than longitudinal as measurements are only
taken once instead of imposing on participants long term
- Gather immediate results so are easy to carry out, as well as being cheaper
- Weaknesses
- Different participants used so participant variables can take place
- Many uncontrollable variables
- Different participants used so participant variables can take place
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