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Mapa Mental por lauren_walji, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por lauren_walji
mais de 11 anos atrás
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Libertarianism
- Inderterminism: Things
happen randomly. Not
libertarianism, self
determination is needed for
real free will - power of
free choice to control
which actions we perform.
- Randomness destroys importance
of human agency. E.g. reach for a
hammer - clap of thunder - i fall
knock over my brother who then
trips and pours scalding water over
mum who then screams and gives
next door a heart attack
- Deliberate decision missing - no
one responsible and no one has
control; life not always like this
- Deliberate decision missing - no
one responsible and no one has
control; life not always like this
- Libertarianism does not deny
causal chain nor advocate
randomness. Claims that
exercise of reason helps us
to escape from passive
motivation e.g. desire
- Random events -
deliberate actions
- Hume said if anyone can find a cause
without a necessary connection to its
effect grant libertarianism true - because
without causal necessity have no
concept of causation
- Hume said if anyone can find a cause
without a necessary connection to its
effect grant libertarianism true - because
without causal necessity have no
concept of causation
- Randomness destroys importance
of human agency. E.g. reach for a
hammer - clap of thunder - i fall
knock over my brother who then
trips and pours scalding water over
mum who then screams and gives
next door a heart attack
- Dualism - Descartes
- Body and mind are seperate, so
human decision making would be
outside natural order of cause
and effcect because not physical
- Bodies are material machines and,
and mind immaterial so free from
causal laws
- Acts of willing are free - 'power of
the will..we are able to do or not to
do the same thing'
- Bodies are material machines and,
and mind immaterial so free from
causal laws
- Criticisms
- Problems of interaction - if volition
takes place in mental realm how
does it communicate with physical
body? spirit affect matter? Defy
laws of science
- How can something non physical cause
something physical? To move muscles -
neurones fire - chemicals move between
neurones - anything physical takes energy. Since
will not physical no physical enerfy to move
chemicals - breaks law of conservation of
energy - creating new energy
- How can something non physical cause
something physical? To move muscles -
neurones fire - chemicals move between
neurones - anything physical takes energy. Since
will not physical no physical enerfy to move
chemicals - breaks law of conservation of
energy - creating new energy
- How do you know which mind is
attached to which body? More
than one mind to be attached to a
body? or minds to swap?
- Problems of interaction - if volition
takes place in mental realm how
does it communicate with physical
body? spirit affect matter? Defy
laws of science
- Judgement - intention -
volition - act
- Body and mind are seperate, so
human decision making would be
outside natural order of cause
and effcect because not physical
- Freewill is when it is in my
power to act in any number
of different ways and i was
able to reason over my
decisions and exercise
control over my desires
- Quantum physics suggests at
the level of small atomic
particles - motion of particles
random
- But scientists say that causal laws at
macro level (large scale) are
deterministic - so determinism true
- But scientists say that causal laws at
macro level (large scale) are
deterministic - so determinism true
- Chance: 1)
coincidence, 2)
ignorance 3) probability
- Sartre
- Consciousness determines life -
although we operate in a set of
conditions we have a choice in
how we interpret and respond to
the conditions
- I choose how to see
my past - so it cannot
determine my future
- I choose how to see
my past - so it cannot
determine my future
- Detach ourselves from the
present, through deliberation
and look for reasons instead
of causes. Continually
conscious of possibilities
- Actions reveal desires,
desires do not determine
actions - freedom is desiring
what i do.
- Actions reveal desires,
desires do not determine
actions - freedom is desiring
what i do.
- Criticisms
- What if i am not even aware i have a choice?
E.g. child may not even be aware that
disobeying parents is an option. Precondition
of freedom is awareness of alternatives -
strong social conditioning or limited resources
awareness not exist
- Awareness of possibilities does not
provide realistic choices, sartre sai d' there
is always the possibility that the coward will
give up cowardice'- probability will not
translate into real choice
- What if i am not even aware i have a choice?
E.g. child may not even be aware that
disobeying parents is an option. Precondition
of freedom is awareness of alternatives -
strong social conditioning or limited resources
awareness not exist
- 'Man is condemned
to be free'
- No human nature to fall back on -
we alone are responsible for our
actions - create ourselves. Only we
can solve our dilemmas -FREE
- No human nature to fall back on -
we alone are responsible for our
actions - create ourselves. Only we
can solve our dilemmas -FREE
- Consciousness determines life -
although we operate in a set of
conditions we have a choice in
how we interpret and respond to
the conditions
- People feel free
- No - tumour, Patricia
Churchland or drug addict -
feel free but not really. ILLUSION
- No - tumour, Patricia
Churchland or drug addict -
feel free but not really. ILLUSION
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