physics test revision exam

1. random pattern
2. atleast 50% are touching one another
3. can be poured
4. medium force of attraction

1. organized
2. strong forces of attraction
3. vibrate on the spot

1. move in a rapid, random motion
2. weak force of attraction
3. unorganized/ don't touch

1. melting: solid - liquid
2. evaporation: liquid - gas
3. freezing: liquid - solid
4. condensation: gas - liquid
5. sublimation: solid - gas
6. deposition: gas - solid

1. d= m/v
2. v = m/d
3. m = d * v

1. specific latent heat of fusion
   1. --->

      Anotações:

      • Is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid
2. specific latent heat of vaporisation
   1. --->

      Anotações:

      • is the amount of energy needed to change the state of 1kg of liquid into a gas.
3. e = m x l
   1. m = e/l
   2. l = e/m

1. straight lines = changing state
2. portrait line = increasing temperature

1. f= p /a
2. p = f x a
3. a = p / f

1. inflating

   Anotações:

   • the particles have no where to go so they collide with the wall of the balloon to create an exit with a large pressure.
2. constant size

   Anotações:

   • a balloon stays the same size because particles on the other side of the balloon are trying to enter balancing the amount of pressure exerted on the balloon
3. deflates

   Anotações:

   • the particles find an exit and escape the balloon this decreases the pressure exerted on the balloon

1. pv = constant

1. best insulater = highest temperature in beaker
2. low temperature = heat into atmosphere
3. no insolation - so you can compare results

1. formula

   Anotações:

   • Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature difference.
   1. objects heat capacity

      Anotações:

      • copper = 390 j/kg oc water = 4200 j/kg oc
      • mass = 1 kg

1. elastic

   Anotações:

   • stored in stretchy materials  e.g spring, elastic band elastic - gravitational potential
2. gravitational potential

   Anotações:

   • The closer to the ground the less gravitational potential it has, e.g books, Gravitational - thermal when heated
3. magnetic

   Anotações:

   • stored in a magnetic field, magnets
4. kinetic

   Anotações:

   • affected by the objects mass and speed, e.g: bullet, plane, car
5. chemical

   Anotações:

   • can be converted into other energy sources, e.g batteries, oil, coal, food
6. thermal

   Anotações:

   • very hot, able to change an objects state, e.g lava
7. nuclear

   Anotações:

   • is an energy found in nucleus' which is released when the atom splits, E.g: iranium, sun.

1. e.g sun: nuclear - thermal
2. e.g trampoline : elastic - kinetic

Anotações:

• efficiency = useful output energy transfer / total imput energy transfer.

1. e = u.o / t.i
2. u.o = e x t.i
3. t.i = u.o / e

1. bio - fuel

   Anotações:

   • Lower fuel prices, carbon neutral. Food shortages, fossil fuels needed for the fertilizer.
2. solar

   Anotações:

   • small, portable, no pollution, renewable! depends on light intensity!
3. wind

   Anotações:

   • low running costs, no pollution, renewable noisy, expensive, spoils view, depends on the wind!
4. hydroelectricity

   Anotações:

   • Renewable, no pollution, no fuel costs, stored for when needed! expensive, large amount of land, ruin the environment! 
5. tidal

   Anotações:

   • renewable, no pollution, reliable, cheap once built! expensive to build, can cause flooding, not strong enough waves!
6. Geothermal

   Anotações:

   • renewable, no pollution, no environment damage! Expensive, few places were it works!
7. wave power

   Anotações:

   • renewable, no pollution, uses lots of energy, expensive,
8. produce no pollution

1. oil
2. coal
3. gas
4. nuclear
5. heating, transport, electricity
6. cheap, reliable, concentrated
7. limited, produces greenhouse gasses

1. v= velocity
   1. m/s
2. m= mass
   1. kg
3. Ek = kinetic energy
   1. j
4. m=ke/0.5 * v2
5. v2 = ke/ m*0.5

1. j

1. kg

1. m

1. n/kg

1. w

1. m

1. n

1. seconds