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8014441
Immunology
Descrição
AS level Biology (Immunology) Mapa Mental sobre Immunology, criado por Molly Barton em 08-03-2017.
Sem etiquetas
biology
immunology
as level
Mapa Mental por
Molly Barton
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
Molly Barton
mais de 7 anos atrás
71
4
0
Resumo de Recurso
Immunology
Phagocytosis
Non-Specific
Phagocyte detects pathogen from release of chemicals
Phagocyte engulfs pathogen into phagosome
Fusion with lysosome containing lysozymes forms phagolysosome
Lysozymes hydrolyse pathogen and waste products are excreted
Antigens presented on cell surface
Antigens
Protein molecule that stimulates an immune response and production of anitbodies
Antibodies
Protein made in response to a foreign antigen and bind specifically to an antigen
Quaternary Structure
Form antigen-antibody complex
Agglutination-clumping of antigens allowing phagocytes to destroy pathogen
Specific Immune Response
T cells are activated by joining to antigen
Activate B cells to divide by mitosis and differentiate
Plasma B cells-produce antibodies
Memory B cells used for future re-infection
T killer cells produced to kill infected cells
Types of Immunity
Passive
Antibodies received from elsewhere (mother/antiserum)
Doesn't require exposure
Immediate protection
No memory cells produced
Short term
Active
Provided by memory cells from a primary response to pathogen
Requires exposure
Takes time
Memory cells produced
Long term
Vaccination Ethics
Testing on animals
Would human testing be justified?
Who is it available to? Third world countries?
Risk of side effects VS Possible of benefit
Compulsory?
Monoclonal Antibodies
Uses:
Research
Immunoassays
Diagnosis
ELISA
Indirect
Direct
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
HIV causes T helper cells to die and decrease in number so the immune system is weakened
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-accumulation of many various diseases
Symptoms:
Low number of T Helper cells
One of more infections
Increased risk of cancers
Severe body wasting
Anexos de mídia
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