Slavery, Slave trade and abolition

Rebellions
1. Tacky's Revolt
  1. Plantations were packed with slave
    1. Whites at risk
  2. Easter 1760 slaves took armed headed South and killed whites on their way
  3. Tacky was cornered and killed
  4. New laws put in place in Jamaica to restrict movement of slaves
2. Canning's Reforms
  1. Buxton introduced bill to help slave conditions
    1. colonial authorities (Guyana) didn't want to introduce the bill
      1. slaves believed this was refusal to listen to British demands
  2. 100 rioters were killed
3. Christmas rebellion
  1. 1830 12% Jamaica's population were free slaves
    1. formed societies who demanded greater rights
  2. Baptist preacher Sam Sharp on Christmas day got his compatriots to swear an oath not to work until better treatment
    1. meant to be peaceful
    2. 20,00 slaves torched the island killing 14 whites and 500 casualties
      1. Sam + 100s of others hanged
Thomas Clarkson
1. started anti-slavery campaign when winning a essay comp about "is it licit to make slaves of others against their will?"
  1. Quakers published his essay
    1. support encouraged him to work with them
2. Quakers taught him the workings of slavery and how it could be challenged
3. one of the founders of Abolition of the African slave trade
  1. convinced Wilberforce to join
4. researcher of the committee
  1. got evidence from slave ships
    1. thumbscrews
  2. first hand stories
5. figures showing cruelty to sailors, high mortality rate
6. backed up French Revolution
  1. lost a lot of reputation
7. after the abolition of Britain involvement in the trade, he joined with Thomas Buxton to abolish slavery
  1. saw the end in 1833
William Wilberforce
1. Friends with Pitt (later PM)
  1. Pitt convinced him to stand for Hull MP
2. 1785 became evangelical following John Newton
3. Clarkson persuaded him to join Abolition of Slavery campaign
  1. PM Pitt supported too knowing the economic opposition
4. fell ill in 1788
5. Made his first major abolition speech in House of Commons May 1789
  1. 3 hours
    1. challenged social,moral and economic arguments
  2. MPs too interested in the profits they were making vote defeated
6. Part of the Clapham Sect
  1. Relied on their support
  2. reputation smashed as some followed the French Revolution
7. continued his fight against enemies like Dundas
8. Death of Pitt
  1. Abolitionist Lord Grenville became PM
    1. made abolition more likely
9. Bill passed in 1807
10. Retired and didn't follow Buxton in abolishing slavery
  1. Influence women societies
John Newton
1. Was originally a slave-trade captain
2. once he quit the seas he turned to religion
  1. Became minister in London
3. wrote hymn "amazing grace"
4. 1788- published a pamphlet "thoughts upon the African Slave trade"
  1. mentioned his dissaproval of the slave trade
5. 1791- told privy council of the harsh punishments such as flogging
  1. but bill was still defeated in 1789
  2. didn't help anymore
Olaudah Equiano
1. Freed slave
2. personal testimony
3. wrote autobiography "The interesting narrative"
  1. promoted book around the country
Thomas Buxton
1. 1823- helped form Gradual Abolition of Slavery society
  1. Improve conditions of slaves
2. 1825- became leader of the campaign in government
  1. plan to replace slavery with a system of apprenticeship
    1. slaves were to work for free for a certain amount of time
    2. plantation owners would be compensated
3. Emancipation Bill passed in 1833. slavery offiialy ended in 1834

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