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841429
Rivers Floods and Management 1
Descrição
Hydrological Cycle River Discharge Long Profile valley profile
Mapa Mental por
merrettn
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por
merrettn
mais de 10 anos atrás
56
2
2
Resumo de Recurso
Rivers Floods and Management 1
The Hydrological Cycle
Open System
Watershed
Boundary of the drainage basin
Inputs
Precipitation
Storage
Interception
Vegetation storage
Groundwater storage
Channel storage
Flows and Processes
Suface Runoff
Water flowing over the land
Infiltration
Water soaking into the soil
Groundwater flow
Water flowing slowly in the water table
Throughflow
Water moving slowly downhill through the soil
Percolation
water seeping through the soil
Outputs
Evaporation
water turning from a liquid to a gas
Transpiration
Evaporation from the leaves
Evapotranspiration
evaporation and transpiration together
Water balance
water surplus --> water depletion --> water recharge
River Discharge
The volume of water flowing in a river
Hot weather can cause a decrease in river discharge as more is being evaporated
Abstraction can cause a reduction in discharge
Storm Hydrographs show river discharge over time
Rock type affects lag time and peak discharge
Soil type affects lag time and peak discharge
Precipitation affects peak discharge
Temperature affects peak discharge and lag time
The Long Profile
Types of Erosion
Abrasion
Eroded pieces of rock srape and rub against the bed, the sandpaper effect
Hydraulic action
The pressure of water breaks off rock partiles away from the beg
Corrosion
The dissolving of rock by chemical processes.
Transportation and Deposition
Solution
Dissolved material being carried along
Suspension
Silt and Clay are carried along in the water
Saltation
Material bouncing along the river bed
Traction
Large boulders roll along the river bed
Deposition occurs when the river doesnt have enough energy, this can occur when the discharge decreases
The Hjulstrom Curve
The link between the rivers velocity and the competence
Channel Charateristics
Long Profile
Shows the gradient of the river channel as the distance increasing
The velocity and discharge of a river increases as you go downstream
Effiiency is measured by hydraulic radius
Upper Stage
Steep V shape. High Vertical Erosion. Large particles are transported. Little deposition.
Middle Stage
Wider Valley. More later erosion. Deposition causes floodplain. particle size decreases
Lower Stage
Very Wide Valley. Low turbelance. Smaller Particles
Anexos de mídia
Water_Balance_Graph (image/png)
storm_hydrograph (image/png)
the_hjulstrom_curve (image/png)
long_profile (image/png)
bradshaw_model (image/png)
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