Germany during WW2

Germany during WW2

Jews
1. Ghettos
  1. In invaded Poland
  2. Warsaw
    1. 30% of population into 3% area
    2. By 1942: 50,000 Jews had died of hunger, cold, disease
2. Concentration camps
  1. Slave labour
  2. Many died from overwork, starvation, mistreatment
  3. Deliberate policy to exterminate prinoners
  4. At Buchenwald, 56,000 Jews died 37-45
3. Einsatzgruppen
  1. SS death squads
  2. Joined invasion of Poland and SU
    1. Murdered any "undesirable" civilians
  3. By 1945, killed 1.5million people
4. Wannsee meeting & Final Solution 1942
  1. kill all Jews
  2. Heydrich, head of Gestapo, was in charge of plans
5. Death camps
  1. Built away from Germany
  2. Run by SS officers
  3. Jews arrived by train
    1. Fit ones were used for labour
    2. Elderly, children, sick were killed
      1. Belongings taken
      2. Thrown into mass graves
        Lack of space - crematorium
  4. 3 death camps in Auschwitz, could hold 4000 people
  5. Used for medical experiments
  6. In 1944 at Auschwitz 400,000 jews gassed
  7. SU closed in
    1. Death marches kiled 250,000
6. 6 million Jews died 33-45
Homefront
1. Total War
  1. Longer wrking hours
  2. women 17-45 to register for work
  3. More rationing
  4. No more army exemptions
  5. Due to Stalingrad's loss (200,000 dead)
  6. Goebbels declared february 1943
2. 1939-42
  1. Victories, no fighting on German soil
  2. Rationing limited due to taking food from occupied countries
  3. Handful of women worked in industry
3. 42 onwards
  1. Morale fell
  2. Standard of living fell
    1. Black market
  3. Allied bombings
    1. 50,000 civilians killed in Hamburg in a week
Opposition
1. Political opposition
  1. White Rose Group
    1. University students
    2. Set up 1941
    3. Peaceful meanings
    4. Mailing leaflets to Germans
    5. Seen and reported to Gestapo
      1. Arrested and executed
  2. Edelweiss pirates
    1. 30s Rebelled
      1. Listened to modern music
      2. Boys grew hair long
      3. Anti-Nazi slogans on walls
      4. 1939: 2000 members
      5. Beat up hitler youth club
    2. After war become more politcal
      1. Distributed allied leaflets
      2. Helped army deserters
      3. Smashed factory equipment
      4. 1944 Himmler ordered hundreds arrests
        13 publicly hanged
2. Religious opposition
  1. Protestant and catholic churches criticised Nazi regime
  2. Pastor Bonhoeffer
    1. passed info to allies
3. Military opposition
  1. Officers despised Hitler and rogue SA&SS
  2. Stauffenberg bomb plot
    1. July 1944
    2. Senior officer at war office in Berlin
      1. Believed Hitler was leading Germany to a defeat
    3. Took bomb inside briefcase into meeting
      1. Briefcase moved
        Hitler merely injured
  3. 5000 suspects arrested
  4. Stauffenberg executed along with 19 generals
Defeat and Hitler's death
1. Reasons for defeat
  1. Hitler invaded Soviet Union
    1. Huge country
    2. population of 200 million to draw army
    3. Difficult climate
  2. USA joined war
  3. Lost war of production
    1. Allies produced 4x as many planes and tanks
  4. Allies developed atomic bomb
  5. Slow to use women in war
2. Hitler's death
  1. Soviet troops surrounded Berlin
  2. Moved into bunker in Berlin
  3. Comitted suicide 30 April along with Eva Braun

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