The USA 1919-1941

How far did the US economy boom in the 1920's?
1. What was the economic boom based on?
  1. A state of mind
    1. 'Right to prosperity'
    2. Americans wanted to consume more and more
  2. The first World War
    1. Made money selling weapons to Britain and France
  3. Republican policies
    1. 'Laissez faire'
      1. Relaxed policy
    2. Low taxes
    3. Trusts
      1. Super cooroerations
    4. Tariffs on foreign goods
  4. New industries
    1. Henry Ford
      1. Model T car
        15 million 1908-1925
      2. 1st successful production line
    2. Growing population
    3. Able to make new technology
      1. Production lines
      2. Cheaper
      3. Mass production
  5. The USA's industrial strength
    1. Lots of natural resources
      1. New technology
      2. Oil, coal, steel, textiles, ranching
    2. Farming industry= more efficient
    3. Cycle of prosperity
2. Why did agriculture not share the prosperity?
  1. Cotton farmers
    1. Drought
    2. Boll weeval
    3. Over-production
    4. Republicans won't help
  2. Grain farmers
    1. Competition
    2. Over-production
    3. Expensive
    4. Republicans won't help
3. Did all American's benefit from the boom?
  1. Miners
    1. Bad pay
    2. Poor living conditions
    3. New technology took over
    4. Over production
  2. New immigrants
    1. Immigration Act 1924
      1. Limit immigration- communist/German scares
    2. less educated
    3. cheap labour
  3. Black Sharecroppers
    1. Discrimination
      1. KKK
    2. Bad pay
    3. Poor working/living conditions
How far did US society change in the 1920's?
1. What were the 'roaring twenties'?
  1. Flappers
    1. Could go out without chapperone
      1. E.g.Brother/Dad
    2. Could wear revealing clothes
    3. Young, middle class women
    4. Short hair
    5. Could smoke in public
    6. Post war
  2. Advertising
    1. Targetted groups
    2. Colourful
    3. Catalogues
    4. Clothing sales went up 400%
  3. Hollywood
    1. Silent films
    2. Charlie Chaplin
    3. Comedies
    4. Cinemas
  4. Dance
    1. Charleston
    2. Religious Americans thought it was sinful and encouraged sex
    3. Popular in cities+clubs+shows
  5. Sport
    1. Associated with gambling and drinking
    2. Radios broadcast live to nation
    3. Working class spent their extra cash on sport and drink
      1. Baseball
      2. Boxing
      3. Horseracing
  6. Jazz music
    1. Criticized by traditionalists
    2. 'Jazz Age'
      1. Jazz
      2. Blues
      3. Soul
      4. Black music
        Improvisation
        Slavery
2. How widespread was intolerance in US society?
  1. Immigrants
  2. Women
  3. Bible belt
  4. Native Americans
  5. Black Americans
  6. Working class
  7. Middle-class
3. Why was prohibition introduced?
  1. The slippery slope
    1. House
      1. Social club
        Saloon
        Alcoholic
  2. Poverty
    1. "youth corrupting"
    2. "poor man's club"
  3. Politics
    1. Republicans
    2. Vote winner
      1. Women
      2. Traditionalists
  4. Alcohol= German
  5. Causes insanity, brutality and cruelty
  6. Leads to gambling= immoral
  7. Money wasted on alcohol
    1. Better spent on family ect..
4. How far did the roles of women change?
  1. Modern
    1. Revealing clothing
    2. Short hair
    3. Make-up
    4. Middle-class had more time and money
    5. Working class worked outside the home
    6. Less reliant on men
    7. 1920- women given the vote
    8. During WW1 women became independent and did men's jobs
  2. Traditional
    1. Concentrated on looking after home and family
    2. Didn't go to work
    3. Modern changes didn't affect rural areas
    4. Many got up early for house jobs
5. Why was prohibition repealed in 1933?
  1. Smuggling
    1. Speakeasies
  2. Moonshine
    1. Harmful chemicals
    2. Unhygenic
    3. Illegally manufactured spirits
    4. 'Bootleggers'
  3. Police corruption
    1. Bribary
  4. Gang culture
    1. Al Capone
What were the causes and consequences of the Wall Street Crash?
1. How far was speculation responsible for the Wall Street Crash?
  1. Speculation= buying and selling shares in order to make a quick profit, often done by ordinary unproffesional people
  2. Americans became over-confident in the strength of their economy
  3. Uneducated people were investing and ruining the economy strength
  4. Overproduction
  5. Irresponsible banks
  6. European tarifs on US goods
  7. Republican 'laissez faire'
  8. Panic selling of shares
2. What impact did the Wall Street Crash have on the economy?
  1. 'Run on the banks'
    1. Many people worried about money they had in the bank and rushed to collect it
  2. Country ran out of money
  3. People lost trust in economy and banks
  4. People no longer wanted to use banks so they ran out of money to invest and keep the system going...
3. What were the consequences of the Wall Street Crash?
  1. The Great Depression= the period of economic difficulties suffered by the US as a result of the Crash in the 1930-40's
  2. In the cities
    1. Factories produced goods
    2. No-one could afford the goods
    3. Factories struggled to sell in US
    4. Tariffs meant couldn't sell abroad either
    5. Factories cut production, work force and pay
  3. In the countryside
    1. Farmers over-produced
    2. Farmers lost money
    3. Prices kept falling
    4. Farmers unable to pay mortgage and debts
  4. 'Hoovervilles'
    1. Poverty
  5. Loss of confidence in banks and government
4. Why did Roosevelt win the election of 1932?
  1. Promised change
  2. Against the republican 'laissez faire' policies
  3. "Relief, Recovery and Reform"
  4. Reverse the Great Depression
  5. First 100 days
    1. Alphabet agencies
    2. Radio broadcasts
    3. Recovered banks
5. Wall Street Crash= October 1929
How successful was the New Deal?
1. What was the New Deal introduced in 1933?
  1. "Relief, recovery and reform"
  2. Limit speculation
  3. Stock market monitoring
  4. Bank recovery
  5. 'Alphabet Agencise'
    1. CCC- Civillian Conservation Corps. Provided work for the unemployed, followed by the PWA which provided further work.
    2. PWA- Public Works Administration, provided work building roads, bridges, schools ect..
2. How far did the character of the New Deal change after 1933?
  1. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
    1. Tennessee= poorest region+farming
    2. Built dams
    3. Planted trees to stop soil erosion
    4. Built power stations
  2. The second new deal
    1. new measures to benefit the elderly, sick and unemployed
    2. The Wagner Act 1935- gave every worker the chance to be apart of a trade union
  3. Stability was restored in the government and banking system
3. Why did people oppose the New Deal?
  1. Former President Hoover and Republicans
    1. Pointless idea
    2. Wasteful
    3. Spending too much
    4. Acting like a dictatior
    5. Communist ideas
    6. Too complicated
  2. The Supreme Court (Republican)
    1. They thought Roosevelt had too much power
    2. Undermining the US system
    3. Didn't support the new deal and made biased decissions
  3. Father Coughlin
    1. Catholic priest
    2. Used radio program to attack Roosevelt and his plans
    3. Believed the new deal didn't do enough for religion
4. Did all American's benefit from the New Deal?
  1. It restored faith in the government but many thought measures were taken too far
  2. Roosevelt= taking away freedom and being communist
  3. Native Americans got money to preserve their traditions but were still excluded from society.
  4. Some women could now achieve prominent positions but others were left out of alphabet agencies like the CCC and social security payments
  5. Black Americans gained benefits like the CCC and the slum clearance but discrimination and lynching still happened.
  6. The new deal created lots of jobs but unemployment still existed
5. Did the fact that the New Deal did not solve unemployment mean it was a failure?
  1. Roosevelt still managed to get the US out of the 'Great Depression'
  2. Boosted the economy again
  3. Created thousands of new jobs
  4. Re-gained confidence in banks and government
  5. Cycle of prosperity began working again
    1. Cycle of prosperity

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