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983008
Section 1- Principles of Chemistry (part 2)
Descrição
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (Section 1- Principles of Chemistry) Mapa Mental sobre Section 1- Principles of Chemistry (part 2), criado por beccalaw7 em 07-06-2014.
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chemistry
section 1- principles of chemistry
cambridge igcse
Mapa Mental por
beccalaw7
, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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aproximadamente 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso
Section 1- Principles of Chemistry (part 2)
Electron Shells
Nucleus
1st Shell= 2 electrons
2nd Shell= 8 electrons
3rd Shell= 8 electrons
Atoms= happy when they're outer shell is full
Therefore they react with other atoms to complete their shells
Electronic configuration= 2,8,8 ect..
Ionic Bonding+ Ionic Compounds
ALL ATOMS WANT THEIR LAST SHELL TO BE FULL
If the atom only has 1 electron in its outer shell then it wants to get rid of it.
This atom would love to react with one with 7 in its outer shell because this one wants one more, there's too many to give away!
ion: "an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons"
Group 1 and 2 elements are metals and lose electrons to form +ve ions (cations)
Group 6 and 7 elements are non-metals and gain electrons to form -vs ions (anions)
Covalent Bonding+ Covalent substances
A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons
Both atoms have a full outer shell and they are happy
Strong attraction between the shared electron pair and the nuclei of the atoms involved
Diamond+Graphite
Diamond=hardest substance in world! +makes 4 bonds per carbon atom
Graphite= Conducts electricity+makes 3 bonds per carbon atom
Balencing Equations
Word Equation= copper + oxygen = copper oxide
Symbol Equation= 2Cu + O2 = 2CuO
State symbols= Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Aqueous (dissolved in water (a))
Practise Questions
You have to have the same amount of everything on either side of an equation or it will be sad
Isotopes and Relative Atomic Mass
An isotope is a different version of an atom
Carbon isotopes:
They have the same number of protons but a different number on neutrons
How to calculate relative atomic mass:
(mass of isotope x % abundance) + (mass of isotope x % abundance) ___________________________________________________________ 100
E.g. Boron= (11x80) + (20x10) ------------------ 100
= 10.8
Relative Formula Mass
Look at elements atomic mass on periodic table
Use the numbers to add up masses of formulas
E.g. MgCl2
Mg= 24
Cl= 35.5
24+35.5+35.5= 95
Anexos de mídia
periodic-table-showing-electronic-configuration (image/jpg)
chemical_bonding_lif.gif (image/gif)
Formation-Sodium-Chloride.gif (image/gif)
covalent_bonding.gif (image/gif)
200px-Covalent.svg (image/png)
chemical_bonding_co2.gif (image/gif)
download__2_ (image/jpg)
add_ocr_graphite.gif (image/gif)
4_equations.gif (image/gif)
c4eqns (image/jpg)
isotopes-of-carbon (image/png)
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