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Policing Changes in the 20th Century
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C&P - 1900 Onwards Mapa Mental sobre Policing Changes in the 20th Century, criado por Andrew Burke em 15-08-2017.
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c&p - 1900 onwards
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Andrew Burke
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Andrew Burke
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Policing Changes in the 20th Century
Weapons
Ordinary policemen are not armed; police can be issued with firearms when necessary
Police now have access to extensive riot gear
New style of truncheon introduced in 1990s and police have access to portable CS gas canisters
Transport
1930s - access to cars and motorbikes improve pace and effectiveness of the police
1970s - cars become more important; development of rapid response police teams
Reintroduction of foot and some horse patrols in order to reassure the public of security in the streets
1909 - police obtained bicycles to pursue criminal offenders more swiftly
Crime Detection
1901 - first national register of fingerprints helped in identifying suspects
1901 - discovery of blood types allowed chemical analysis of blood samples to be carried out
Most recent, DNA has been utilised as evidence, alongside modern methods of video recording
1988 - the first murder conviction on the basis of DNA samples occurred
1995 - National Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (NAFIS) and National DNA Database set up
Training and Recruitment
Women first joined the force in 1920, they have taken on a similar role to their male counterparts
National Police Training College opens in 1947
High-quality candidates needed, the force offers good pay
Officers train for 14 weeks before starting work; local forces have specialists and provide more training
Communication
Morse code transmitters installed in police telephone boxes
Radio: allowed for quicker reporting of crimes and calling for reinforcement. Radios were first used in 1910 and still are today.
1920s - Morse Code transmitters were installed in police vehicles
First murderer caught due to radio communication was in 1910, Dr Crippen
Development in technologies altered police methodology
1930s - the 999 telephone number is introduced
Organisation
March 1988 - number of police officers was 126,856
1998 - number of separate forces was cut from 200 to 41
Single, national police force regularly opposed
Single police force seen as too great a power in the hands of the government that might enforce unpopular measures
Labour
Public still view the police as a force to catch thieves
1933 - one survey illustrated 18% of calls to the police were crime related
Mainly responsible for maintaining public order during disputes
Computers and Surveillance
1980 - Police National Computer is introduced; contains records on 25 million people
Alerts police to people who have been previously convicted of criminal offences
Police can foil terrorist plots through monitoring emails and websites
Police can view behaviour of people in the streets with CCTV
CCTV cameras were utilised for the first time in the Irish Republican Army bombings in the 1970s
CCTV records information at the time and can enable the capturing of criminals in the future
Specialisation
Police work is so varied it is difficult for them to cope with changing circumstances
1945 - special squads were established to deal with specific crime prevention
1947 - Fraud Squad
1971 - Anti-Terrorist Squad
1965 - Special Patrol Group, later named Metropolitan Patrol Group (1987) - deals with inner city riots and public disorder
Police Agency
Powers of the police changed little during the 20th century
Questioning - a police official can ask a suspect to come to the police station for questioning. Cannot force this without making an arrest.
Arrest - can arrest if they believe the suspect is committing a criminal offence
Report - cannot arrest for minor offences e.g. speeding - but can choose to fine someone for them
Search - need the warrant of a magistrate to search private property
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