Birth of The Universe

How was the universe born and how it created everything we know of and how it will die? (reason of video) Over 13 Billions years ago – universe-so small was a human palm size Very different place from what seen today Everything was created from this “infant universe” (stars, galaxies, elements) Everything is made of mater (atoms and molecules) Every atom we know/see/are made of was made billions of years ago by growing universe (as it evolved) We are “part stardust and part Big-Bang”-atoms were made during this time from start dust. Atoms made from stellar explosions and from super nova process and stellar evolution, however @ different times. In the beginning was nothing >then light appeared (infinitively hot “fire ball”; contained all of space). Space expanded from this point. Everything needed to make the universe was contained in a region small than an atom Edwin Hubble – proposed this idea – Big Bang and previous point) by studying a cloud of light (a star city-far away from our galaxies) Most astronomer in 1920s thought only of stars and the Milky Way Galaxy) Hubble found these galaxies are speeding away from us (universes expanding>used to be smaller> had a beginning àBig Bang Big Bang is a theory of how the universe evolved, scientists only know how the universe was incredibly small, but don’t know how it appeared in the 1st place It was VERY unstable, expanding faster than the speed of light. *think of a glass blower = “baby universe expanding>[IN1] cooling. A trillionth of a sec. universe small enough to fit in my hand, By factors of a fraction of sec, the universe goes from size of Mars>size of Earth It only contained energy (no matter) See E=MC2, shows that energy and matter are interchangeable This equation, used to make weapons of mass destruction When nuclear bomb goes off à a small amount of matter is annihilated à made into energy, Baby universe converts energy into matter (the reverse of this^) Created matter and antimatter (problem since both obliterated the other; war zone!) Results: universe remains full of energy, nothing else! Reality: there is imbalance, for 1 hundred million antiparticles formed: 101 millions of matter was formed)> makes everything we know/see We are debris leftover of that war zone, A lab (RICK) was made to recreated this environment Smashed subatomic particle together (they are going in opposite directions @ speed of light) They generate heat, they break open>give off smaller particles *Think of test crash cars, helps us see where the weak and strong parts are. Early universe was actually the perfect liquid (super-hot, hotter than Sun) vibrating so fast (no stickiness, no friction) Only exists in this form for a fraction of a second (still in turmoil, releasing more and more energy) Needs to slow down to create atoms>elements>rest of life! Univer. calms down>p+ and neutrons form atoms>elements up to He Elements lacked e- (e- where there, just not slowing down yet to form bonds) 380,000 years later (univer. Size of Milky Way and MUCH cooler, 1000s0)>makes true elements now Arnold Penzias and Wilson discovered this^by accident Strange signal from the sky was detected by his new antenna (to study cosmic radio waves) Turns out this was the findings of the birth of light Light was trapped, nothing to see in baby univer. After He is formed>less e- around>light could appear now (blinding light), This light dims and cools>become microwave radiation This was what Penzias and wilson picks up w/ antenna (faint 13 billion year old microwave radiation signal, an echo of the light whe1st formed by the univer. 1st when 1st atoms appeared) The white noise between radio stations, and white “snow” on TV is a fraction of this 13 billion y.o. radiation ) Even the water we drink has bits of early univer. in it. Early univers.= boring gas phaseà needs H and He to bindàforms other elements to make life more interesting Needs to make stars! Early univer. Colder than liquid N and billions of light years wide and very dark @ this time It is uneven, cracks appear (variations in the background radiation) This tells us the density of regions of the univer. High density regions = creates stars and galaxies Low dens. = becomes empty space between galaxies Cracks are filled with clouds of H atoms>gets bigger and more spacious While clouds got hotter, denser and gravity pulls clouds together by cosmic filaments>forms large globs>stars and galaxies form Gases>Clouds> >stars>settles into rotating disks(galaxies) H atoms clump>heat and fuse together>release energy>gas clouds burn brightly>star is born! Young stars unlike the Sun, very unstable They are build the rest of the elements through their instability (stars work like nuclear reactors here); nuclear waste = new elements Stars give off light>this gave eac. Element a specific ligh to be identifiable Hubble Telescope promised to give us view of stars making new element-today Hubble needed repair>then it was able to take pic. Of various stages of different stars’ life and found older galaxies Fond that they were creating elements like during the time of the birth of univer. The heat and energy of stars helped atoms form heavier elements than PB>formed elements like assembly line>stopped @ Pb It takes extremely powerful explosion to create heavier elements (super novas, huge exploding stars) Previous stars fall on itself>making energy>explosions>fuses heavy metals, production begins again>known life now can exist The transition from Big Bang à life now As super novas die, they show their true color, Core made of PB>next layer is a lighter elements>anxt. Layer of a lighter element>…ect. In death, core is destabilized>collapses @ high speeds>bounces back to emit a massive shock wave>punches through the layers of the star>energy restarts the pause in element assembly line(those heavier than iron)> pushes out it debris into space Our lives depend on the life and death of these stars A mass of a dust and gas from a super nova’s debris>reaches a certain mass>burns>our sun is born>leftover is a swirling disk of debris->gas and dust collide>gravity holds in them together> clumps of dust/gas form planets>one is earth>generated the atmosphere>single cells appear>evolve into plants and animals>then humans Everything we seen is made from either Big Bang or inside a star @some point Our univer. Is 14 billions y.o. (only getting started, but it will end) Since it is still evolving, it may end just as exotically as it started Must find out if it is expanding ro slowing down Type 1 A super noavas are used to answer this question Like other super novas-only difference, explode w/ same intensity of brightness Because they created in the same way =2 stars are held together by their gravitational attraction one is shriveld, heavy, dense w/ white heat (white dwarf) and the other is huge (red giant) burn last of its fuel As they orbit eac. Other, white dwarf takes gas from red giant>grows from this>white dwarf collapse>explodes @ same tipping point The univer. Is found to be speeding up in its expansion The unvier. Will be filled with different types of stars> everything is pulled apart>space will empty/dead