physiology and nutrition

physiology and nutrition week one

introduction to sports and exercise physiology  exercise physiology explores how the human body responds to physical activity and performance. 

carbohydrates, proteins and lipids  they are the fuels for exercise and mainly known as the endogenous which is a chemical energy to require energy. the carbohydrates are stored in the liver, muscle, fat and protein. muscle is stored as glycogen and glucose  exogenous is also a chemical energy that releases energy with carbs, fat and protein

monosaccharides  basic unit of carbohydrates 

gluconeogenesis  the body process of making new sugar, occurs in the liver due to amino acids, glycerol, pyruvate and lactate.

after the small intestine absorbs glucose  becomes available as an energy source for cellular metabolism  form glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles convert to fat (triacylgqcerol) for energy

metabolism  metabolism is the sum of all energy processes in the body, the production of energy for essential processes, to synthesise new organic material metabolism is a function of time and intensity  anaerobic - aerobic  homeostasis is the constant internal environment in the cell bioenergetic is the process of how we get energy 

anabolic processess is the build up or construction of molecules from smaller units; generally requires energy (endergonic process) 

catabolic processess  is the break down of molecules into smaller units , which are then oxidised to release energy (exergonic process)

energy transfer  the first law of thermodynamics energy can't be create or destroyed, but changed from one form to another, the energy transfer will always occur in one direction

exercise metabolism  metabolism involves all of the chemical reactions of the body biomolecule that helps synthesis and breakdown

cellular respiration - metabolic pathways involved in producing ATP (cell bioenergetics) anaerobic glycolysis - lactic  ATP-PC - alactic 

phosphorylation  the transfer of energy in the form of phosphate bonds, it is vital force regulation and the energy is generated by the oxidation of carbs, fats and proteins 

cellular oxidation  oxidation = transfer o2 H+ or electrons, always loss of electrons, an increase in oxidative state    reduction = gain of electrons , reduction of oxidative state 

short term  ATP-PC pathways (alactic pathways) - no oxygen is needed, energy is supplied quickly no lactic acid is produced - 100% effort    anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid pathway) - glucose and glycogen = quick energy  more ATP is produced  no oxygen is used and that's why lactic acid is produced  cytosol and sustain effort

long term  aerobic system which includes the ; Krebs cycle larger amounts of ATP produced by fats and carbs  uses oxygen = supply takes longer more efficient  mitochondria  recovery

relative contribution  energy supply - fuels well contribute to meeting energy demands, energy demands relative to requirements of sporting events   fitness - specific training will influence both energy demand ad contribution from pathways.