C1.2 and C1.3 - created from Mind Map

Limestone Calcium Carbonate Building Material cheap and easy to maintain quarried heating limestone making cement mortar and concrete limestone roasted with clay makes cement add sand and water to make mortar add aggregate concrete is made eroded by acid rain decomposes in kiln breaks down into called thermal decomposition calcium oxide carbon dioxide add water to produce calcium hydroxide

ores earths crust called minerals contains enough metal to be economically viable found by mining

extracting metals unreactive metals obtained by panning less reactive than carbon are heated with carbon more reactive than carbon electroloysis most metals found as metal oxides

extraction of copper conducor of heat doesnt react with water can be extracted by copper rich ores can be found from scrap iron by displacement electroloysis running out of copper good conductor of electrcity by heating in a furnace can then be purified by electroloysis called smelting during electroloysis positive copper irons go to negative electrode extracted from low grade ores bioleaching phytomining uses bacteria to extract low grade ores a solution containing bacteria is mixed with a low grade ore the bacteria convert into solution where easily extracted uses plants to absorb copper as the plant grows it absorbs and stores copper the plants are burned the ash produced contains copper

iron iron oxide impure iron is brittle atoms in pure iron are arranged in layers can be reduced by blast furnace produces molten iron contains 96% iron and 4% carbon impurities removed to make pure iron these can easily slide over each other this makes it soft and malleable

alloys many metals are too soft for everyday use they are mixed with small amounts of other metals e.g. gold and aluminium this makes them much harder e.g. coins

steel carbon is added to iron to make steel steels properties high carbon content is hard and strong low carbon content is soft and malleable stainless steal is hard and resistant to corrosion

C1.2 and C1.3