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Economic migrants in the EU from Poland to the UK There are 600,000 Polish people living in the UK Push factors (from Poland) · Average unemployment 18.5% · Youth unemployment 40% · Wages 1/3 of EU average · Housing shortages 300 dwellings to 1,000 people Pull factors (to UK) · Unemployment only 5.1% · High demand for semi-skilled labour (e.g plumbers) · 600,000 job vacancies · Good exchange rate (sending a few pounds home would have a big impact) Positive impacts on the host country (UK) · £2.5 billion contributed to the economy · Between 0.5% and 1% of UK growth in 2006 was due to immigrant labour · 80% of immigrants are under 35- their national insurance payments help to cater for ageing population’s pensions · They fill a skills gap (e.g plumbers) but this was largely low paid work Negative impacts on the host country (UK) · Tensions in areas that haven’t previously experienced large scale immigration · Possible stress on NHS · High proportion of the wages are being sent back to family in Poland rather than spent in UK economy · Higher demand for housing = higher prices Positive impacts for source country (Poland) · Injection of foreign cash (about £3 billion in 2006) · Less pressure on resources (e.g schools, hospitals) · Incentivised improvements to living standards Negative impacts for source country (Poland) · Brain drain of skilled workers emigrating · Shortage of workers · Ageing population
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