Criado por Last-minute-crammer
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Copiado para Nota por Last-minute-crammer
mais de 10 anos atrás
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Thalidomide 1950s-60s Morning Sickness Distaval Birth Defects Francis Kelsey Lessons Learnt Leprosy, Cancer
Misuse Cannabis Depressants (Sedatives) Hallucinogens Recreational Gateway Tolerance Addiction Alcohol Tobacco Potential Schizophrenia Affects Brain Peer Pressures Life Stresses Binge Drinking 100kcl/unit 500 under 18s per year in hosppital Men 3-4 units Women 2-3 units Liver Damage Nicotine Tar Carbon Monoxide
Withdrawal and Dependency Psychological Physical 'Hard' Cannabis Irritability Depression Anxiety Cocaine Heroine Vomiting Cramps Muscle Spasms
Performance Enhancing Drugs Stimulants Anabolic Steroids Blood Doping Caffeine Increases red blood cells Increases oxygen transfer Increases energy Thicker blood Higher blood pressure Blood Clots Strokes Heart Attacks Increases Heart Rate Increases Blood Flow Increases Energy Shaking Nervousness High Blood Pressure Dehydration Stimulates muscle develpment Reduces recovery time after training Increase aggression, strength and speed Liver damage Mood swings Weak bones Hair growth Infertility
Selective Toxicity 1: Differences 2: Interference 3: Testing
Stages of Testing Stage 1: Research Stage 2: Laboratory Testing Stage 3: Clinical Trials 1 Stage 4: Clinical Trials 2 Stage 5: Clinical Trials 3
Drug developed in 1950s taken till early 60s, for morning sickness
Drug Misuse: When a person takes a drug for non-medicinal purposes to affect how they feel
Withdrawal symptoms; What happens when you stop taking a drug you are addicted to
Stimulants; Make you feel full of energy
Selective Toxicity: The principle that a drug must be toxic to the pathogen but not to human cells.
Step 1: Differences: Find differences between the host and the pathogen which the drug can target
Stage 2: Interference: Find a drug to interfere with target in the pathogen
Stage 3: Testing: See above
Stage 1: Research: Chemical simulations on the computer to test the hypothesis
Stage 2: Laboratory Testing: Drug tested on live cells then on animals for correct dose and level of toxicity.
Stage 3: Clinical Trials 1: Tested on small no. of healthy humans for side effects, starting with low dose
Stage 4: Clinical Trials 2: Tested on 100 humans with disease to see effectiveness in low doses
Stage 5: Clinical Trials 3: Several hundred sufferers to find best dose and effectiveness compared with current drug
Thalidomide affected 10,000 babies in the UK. It caused birth defects. Only in 1961 was link confirmed. The drug blocked creation of blood vessels
Kelsey didn't want drug licensed as she was appalled at lack of research, and there was not enough data
Lessons Learnt: Companies must conform to laws and regulations before a drug is launched, and carry out multiple trials. This takes longer and costs more.
Thalidomide is still being used for leprosy and cancer
Depressants (Sedatives): make you feel relaxed
Hallucinogens; Drugs affecting hearing or vision
Recreational; Non medicinal, affecting mood, emotion or state
Gateway Drugs; Drug tried out leading onto stronger drugs
Tolerance; How much of a drug you can take before it has an effect
Addiction; Craving the drug and not resisting whatever the cost
Psychological; Depend on drug to cope with everyday stresses. 'High feeling'
Physical addiction; When the drug changes body chemistry so you feel sick without it
The government spends more on alcohol abuse than on tobacco/illegal drugs
Nicotine; Addictive, stimulates CNS increases heart rate and blood pressure. In large quantities poisonous
Tar; Thousands of chemicals leading to lung problems and maybe cancer
Carbon Monoxide; Colourless, odorless Is lighter than oxygen so is easier carried around blood and bound to haemoglobin, less oxygen getting around, more pressure on the heart
Drugs
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