PSYB1 - Approaches

The conditioning of involuntary behaviours

The conditioning of voluntary behaviour

The conditioning of involuntary behaviours

The conditioning of voluntary behaviours

The conditioning of involuntary behaviours

The conditioning of voluntary behaviours

Learning occurs through association between stimulus and response

Learning occurs through consequences of behaviour

to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response

to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response

the conditioning of involuntary behaviour

Learning can occur through the consequences of behaviour

It is deterministic - neglects free will. It makes humans appear to be controlled by their environment rather than being free to chose their own behaviour.

Approach is unscientific

To investigate what happens between the stimulus and response

Humans are thought of as information processors and compared to computers

to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response

humans are thought of as information processors and compared to computers

Memory, Attention, Thinking

Memory, Attention, Motor Reproduction

Each individual is unique, with individual needs, thoughts, feelings and experiences

Humans have free will and are basically good-striving towards personal growth and self-actualisation

Humans have free will are and are basically good-striving towards personal growth and self-actualisation

Each individual is unique, with individual needs, thoughts, feelings and experiences

Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self.Can be important for psychological health

Fully achieving what we are capable of (our potential)

Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as individuals, based on experience (self esteem measures this)

How we would ideally like to think and feel about ourselves

Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as individuals, based in experience (self-esteem measures this)

How we would ideally like to think and feel about ourselves

Having large differences between self-concept and ideal self (can lead to low self esteem and psychological problems such as unipolar depression)

Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self. Being congruent is important for psychological health.

Having large differences between self concept and ideal self (can lead to low self esteem and psychological problems such as unipolar)

Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self. Being congruent is important for psychological health.

A child is only loved and accepted if their behaviour is deemed to be unacceptable

According to rogers, a child is only loved and accepted if their behaviour is deemed to be acceptable

Learning takes place by watching and copying others

Takes into account mediating cognitive factors - ARMM - Attention, Retention, Motivation, Motor Reproduction

Takes into account mediating cognitive factors - ARMM - Attention, Retention, Motivation and Motor Reproduction

Learning takes place by watching and copying others

Bandura et al - children observing adults - bobo doll

Little hans case study

If a model receives reinforcement for their behaviour this might affect whether the behaviour is likely to be copied

If a person copies a models behaviour and is then rewarded for it, this may affect whether they demonstrate the behaviour again.

If a person copies a models behaviour and is then rewarded for it, this may affect whether they demonstrate the behaviour again

If a model receives reinforcement for their behaviour this might affect whether the behaviour is likely to be copied

The unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour

Early childhood experiences can affect later development

The unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour

Early childhood experiences can affect later development

Works on the reality principle and tries to keep the demands of the ID in check by finding a socially acceptable way of satisfying it

Works on the need principle and is responsible for instinctual urges

Works on the moral principle

Works on the reality principle and tries to keep the demands of the ID in check by finding a socially acceptable way of satisfying it

Works on the need principle, that is responsible for instinctual urges

Works on the moral principle (ideas about right and wrong)

Repression, Displacement and Identification

Repression, Interference, Trace Decay

Deliberately forgetting - moving bad/unwanted thoughts into the unconscious mind

Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Involves taking on the gender and moral behaviour of the same sex parent - occurs to reduce anxiety

Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Involves taking on the gender and moral behaviour of the same sex parent and occurs to reduce anxiety

Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Libido is focused on the mouth and the main source of conflict is weaning. Too much or too little satisfaction leads to fixation. This stage is purely ID driven.

Libido focused on the anus and the main source of conflict is potty training. The ego develops. Too much satisfaction = child anally retentive e.g. OCD and too little satisfaction = child being anally expulsive e.g. very untidy

Libido focused on the anus and the main source of conflict is potty training. The ego develops. Too much satisfaction = child anally retentive e.g. OCD and too little satisfaction = child being anally expulsive e.g. very untidy

Child learns about external world. Libido concentrated on acquiring new skills, friendships and school

Libido focused on the genitals. Oedipus and electra conflict and as a result of identification, child takes on same sex parents ideas, thoughts,values and behaviours etc

The aim of this study is to achieve independance and sexual maturity. According to Freud that is the development of personality - he didnt believe later experiences would change a person