Mer Scott
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HUBS192 (GI and Renal + Blood and Acid-Base) Quiz sobre RUS L35 - 39, criado por Mer Scott em 29-09-2017.

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RUS L35 - 39

Questão 1 de 27

1

Chronic renal failure can cause anaemia.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 2 de 27

1

Which of these is an unhealthy glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 22L/hour

  • 150L/day

  • 125mL/min

Explicação

Questão 3 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about renal blood flow.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It requires high pressure.

  • It is 20-25% of cardiac output.

  • It is at a rate of about 2-2.4L/min.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 27

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

There are forces which drive glomerular filtration and those that oppose it. The effective filtration pressure is always about ( +10, +20, +30 )mmHg. You can calculate it by adding together the forces that drive filtration (glomerular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure and capsular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure) and minusing the forces that oppose filtration (glomerular ( osmotic, hydrostatic ) pressure and capsular ( hydrostatic, osmotic ) pressure). Remember that ( capsular, glomerular ) osmotic pressure is negligible i.e. zero.

Explicação

Questão 5 de 27

1

Which equation describes renal clearance?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cs = (Us x V) / Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the plasma)

  • Cs = (Ps x V) / Us (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the plasma, times the volume of urine per unit time, divided by the concentration of the substance in the urine)

  • Cs = (Us / V) x Ps (clearance of substance is equal to the concentration of the substance in the urine, divided by the volume of urine per unit time, times the concentration of the substance in the plasma)

Explicação

Questão 6 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about glomerular filtration rate(GFR).

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The GFR declines slowly with age.

  • To measure renal clearance we need a molecule that is not reabsorbed, secreted, or metabolised

  • Inulin or creatinine can be used to calculate GFR but inulin is commonly used clinically because it is a waste product of the muscles, whereas creatinine must be injected

  • GFR is fairly normal even if only 'one kidney' is intact. (half of nephrons)

Explicação

Questão 7 de 27

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

The filtration fraction is the amount of the plasma (non-cellular component of blood—red blood cells are too big) which is filtered through the glomerulus. It can be calculated by ( multiplying, dividing ) the glomerular filtration rate by the renal ( plasma, blood ) flow rate. (The renal plasma flow rate can be taken as ( half, 20-25% ) of the renal blood flow, i.e. if renal blood flow is 1.25L/min, renal plasma flow is ( 625ml, 125ml )/min.)
The equation is then ( FF = GFR x RPF, FF = GFR / RPF ).

Explicação

Questão 8 de 27

1

The filtered load is the amount of substance filtered per minute. Choose the best equation for filtered load.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • FL = GFR x Ps

  • FL = GFR x Cs

  • FL = Ps / GFR

  • FL = Cs / GFR

Explicação

Questão 9 de 27

1

Choose all the molecules that are ONLY ever reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules. (In a healthy person.)

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • Water

  • Glucose

  • Na+

  • Cl-

  • Ca++

  • dopamine

  • bile salts

  • K+

Explicação

Questão 10 de 27

1

Which of these molecules can be both secreted and reabsorbed in the nephron's tubules?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • K+

  • NH3

  • H+

  • HCO3

  • urea

  • Na+

  • Water

Explicação

Questão 11 de 27

1

PAH (p-aminohippurate) is only ever secreted in the nephron, and this secretion is always active.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 12 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about the proximal convoluted tubule.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is the site of bulk reabsorption—66% of water, Na+, and Cl- are reabsorbed.

  • All of glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in it.

  • Half of urea is reabsorbed in it.

  • Organic acids and drugs are secreted into it.

  • 90% of HCO3 is reabsorbed in it.

Explicação

Questão 13 de 27

1

There are 4 sites of Na+ reabsorption:
66% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
25% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
5% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .
3% of Na+ is reabsorbed in the .

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    proximal convoluted tubule
    thick ascending limb
    thin ascending limb
    distal convoluted tubule
    collecting duct
    convoluted duct

Explicação

Questão 14 de 27

1

Choose the correct statement about transporters.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Na+ is transported by luminal membrane transporters in tight epithelium.

  • Na+ is transported by channels in leaky epithelium.

  • Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters (SGLT1 or SGLT2) to move into the cell from the filtrate.

  • Glucose uses Na+ dependent transporters, GLUT1 or GLUT 2, to move into the blood out of the cell.

Explicação

Questão 15 de 27

1

The normal filtered load of glucose should be 0.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 16 de 27

1

In leaky epithelium such as the , the water permeability is high. Water can be reabsorbed via the paracellular or transcellular pathway. ADH, aquaporins AQP1 and AQP2 move into the membrane to move water into the cell. AQP3 and AQP4 move water out of the cell.
In tight epithelium such as the , water permeability is low. The only aquaporin used is .

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    PCT
    collecting duct
    With
    Without
    apical
    basolateral
    AQP2
    AQP1
    AQP3
    AQP4

Explicação

Questão 17 de 27

1

Selecione das listas do Menu para completar o texto.

The loop of Henle in the ( juxtamedullary, cortical ) nephrons is crucial for production of concentrated urine, i.e. it is important for ( reabsorbing, excreting ) the water and NaCl. The thin descending limb removes ( water, naCl ) (i.e. it is leaky) while the thick ascending limb removes ( NaCl, water )(i.e. it is tight).

Explicação

Questão 18 de 27

1

Which of these are appropriate average values for total body water?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Males - 42L, Females - 38.5L

  • Males - 32L, Females - 28.5L

  • Males - 52L, Females - 48.5L

Explicação

Questão 19 de 27

1

Typical NaCl concentration in the body (ICF/ECF) is 145mM. This means typical fluid osmolarity is around:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 145mosmol/L

  • 290mosmol/L

  • 72.5mosmol/L

Explicação

Questão 20 de 27

1

The kidneys are crucial for maintaining body water balance. If a person's water intake was 2400mL in a day, what could be a reasonable value for water excretion contribution by the kidneys?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • ~400mL

  • ~2000mL

  • ~1400mL

Explicação

Questão 21 de 27

1

Reabsorption of water in the PCT is driven by Na+ reabsorption and is isotonic.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 22 de 27

1

Primary urine in the PCT is . Due to water reabsorption in the tDLH, it becomes . It turns due to Na+ reabsorption in the TAL, and can become hypertonic again in the during .

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    isotonic
    hypertonic
    hypotonic
    collecting duct
    DCT
    anti-diuresis
    diuresis

Explicação

Questão 23 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Water moves to areas of low osmolarity

  • Dehydration increases ECF osmolarity due to water loss, and water moves out of the ICF (shrinks cells)

  • Hyperhydration decreases ECF osmolarity due to water gain, and water moves into the ICF (cells swell)

  • ADH alters the permeability of the collecting duct

Explicação

Questão 24 de 27

1

With ADH, the collecting duct is relatively permeable to water and 8% of filtered water can be excreted.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 25 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic losses.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Isosmotic losses can be things like diarrhoea, vomiting, and bleeding

  • No ECF/ICF osmolarity gradient will be produced

  • Volume loss is restricted to ICF

Explicação

Questão 26 de 27

1

Choose the incorrect statement about isosmotic gains.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Isosmotic gains can be caused by renal failure

  • ECF volume increases

  • Cells will be affected

Explicação

Questão 27 de 27

1

There are two systems for regulating fluid gains and losses.
An osmotic change (just water loss/gain) will be . This effects cells. It can be corrected with changes, which is a response system.
An isosmotic change will be . This causes changes to blood pressure and volume which the heart can cope with. It can be corrected via , which is a response system.

Arraste e solte para completar o texto.

    spread between the ICF and ECF
    limited to the ECF
    ADH release
    Na+ excretion/retention
    fast
    slow

Explicação

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