Development of Postural Control & Reactions

1

Developmental milestones are physical/behavioral signs of development or maturation.

1

Developmental milestones are used for all of the following EXCEPT:

1

Which of the following are limitations with the milestone concept?

1

( Movement, Posture ) is the act of moving (ex: crawling)
( Movement, Posture ) is the core strength, tone, and stability that helps the way one positions their body

Both help to achieve a motor task/goal

1

Postural stability provides foundation for simple and complex movements.

1

Which of the following are the two theories strictly associated with the development of movement?

1

When movement occurs as the nervous system matures: ❌

When movement emerges from an interaction between the nervous system, body, environment, and the task: ❌

❌:
- reflexes are distinct from voluntary movement and must be suppressed/inhibited
- reflexes reappear if there is CNS damage or if needed to support certain activities

❌:
- ❌ --> multiple interacting subsystems including: body build characteristics,
musculoskeletal, arousal, sensory, perceptual interacting with immediate environment
- ❌ as emergent; no central pattern generator; even reflexes are not hardwired but the result of the convergence of multiple systems

hierarchical

systems view

In hierarchical

In Systems Approach

Nonlinear

Linear

Behavior

Reflex

1

Which is not a characteristic of the stepping reflex?

1

If there is a loss of a stepping reflex, how would they present themselves in the two theories?

increase in weight in legs, but infant can still demonstrate reflex in water --> ( dynamic system, hierarchical )

maturation of higher brain centers/nervous system --> ( dynamic system, hierarchical )

1

Culture does not have an impact on early motor development and reflexes.

1

How are posture and movement related?

1

Which of the following are the theoretical basis of the spatiotemporal adaptation theory? (check all that apply).

1

Does the spatiotemporal theory place emphasis on sensory-motor-sensory relationship?

1

According to the spatiotemporal adaptation theory, if a child cannot complete a task such as walking, they will:

1

What are the four components of the spatiotemporal adaptation theory?

1

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): primitive to efficient; environmental challenges support development of complex thinking and acting; both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): Environmental stimulation/challenges cause “spatiotemporal stress” versus “distress”

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): process of expanding child’s repertoire of movements and activities

( Movement, Environment, Adaptation, Spiraling Continuum ): Child, others, objects, supporting surface, gravitational and 3 dimensional space

1

These are the environmental components of spatiotemporal adaptation:

❌: supports/embeds the infant
❌: helps child reach higher levels of potential
❌: promotes back-and-forth between self and environment
❌: provides source of stimulation- motivation to move

Holding Function

Challenge

Interactive

Facilitating

1

Which of the following are characteristics of the spiraling continuum?

1

How is the spiraling continuum process stalled in children with disabilities?

1

What are lower level strategies used during a normal course of development?

1

Check all of the following that represent the spatiotemporal adaptation theory.

1

Stress is the alteration of equilibrium in a child that causes them to make an adjustment within an environment to return to equilibrium.

1

❌- gives muscle rigidity; (enough tension on muscle for weight shift with enough give for quick changes in movement)

❌-adds to muscle tone in extensor muscles that work against gravity

❌- acts to maintain joint position against internal or external force; obtained by joint co-contraction of antagonist muscles around the joints

Postural strategies distribute postural tone where needed to ❌ and/or for ❌ in anticipation of or during changes in position

Muscle tone

Postural tone

Postural fixation

hold positions

redistributing tone

1

Posture is the movement of body segments at any given time.

1

Rank the following movement components from least complex (lowest level) to most complex (highest level):

❌ - Physiological Flexion
❌ - Lateral Flexion & Rotation
❌ - Flexion (against gravity)
❌ - Extension (against gravity)

1

4

3

2

1

Which of the following are primitive reflexes?

1

Rank the following postural control/movement patterns from 1-4 in the order that they develop:

Unilateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Bilateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Weight bearing -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
Contralateral weight shift/movement -- ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

1

Which of the following are phasic reflexes?

1

Phasic reflexes activate muscles/groups through full range/mobility but do not have a weight bearing function.

1

Which of the phasic reflexes is associated with hypersensitivity, stimulus bound effect, sensory overload, and anxiety if it persists in the older child?

1

Which is not a characteristic of the development of antigravity movement?

1

Which of the following define tonic reflexes? (check all that apply)

1

Which type of reflex is this?

1

Check all that apply to rotational righting.

1

Which is not a characteristic of optical righting?

1

Research has shown that full-term infants sleeping non-prone have delays in motor milestones and lower scores on developmental screening measures than infants who slept prone.

Human Development Quiz sobre Development of Postural Control & Reactions, criado por marissa rivera em 01-10-2017.