Exam 2 - Skeletal System and Lymphoid Organs

What are the primary and secondary functions of bone and cartilage?

What are bone and cartilage derived from? Why are they strong?

Formation of cartilage

What is perichondrium?

What is interstitial growth?

What is appositional growth?

Characteristics of cartilage

What makes up the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

Characteristics of hyaline cartilage

Characteristics and location of fibrocartilage

Characteristics and location of elastic cartilage

Process of cartilage repair

What is woven bone?

What is lamellar bone?

What are trabeculae?

What is the diaphysis?

What is the epiphyses?

What is the metaphysis?

What is the periosteum?

What is endosteum?

What are Sharpey's fibers?

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

What are osteoblasts?

What are matrix vesicles?

What are osteocytes?

What are osteoclasts?

What is the ruffled border?

What is parathormone?

What is calcitonin?

What is somatotropin?

What makes up mature, compact bone?

What makes up the organic matrix of bone?

What do the non-collagenous organic molecules in bone do?

What is the mineralized component of bone?

What are Haversian systems?

What is the cement line?

What is the ultrastructure of compact bone?

What are Volkmann's canals?

How does exchange of waste and nutrients occur in compact bone?

What are interstitial systems?

What are circumferential lamellae?

What controls bone growth?

What is endochondral ossification?

What is intramembranous ossification?

Process of endochondral ossification

Where are the centers of ossification in endochondral oss.?

What is closure of epiphysis?

What is the last long bone to close in humans?

What are the zones in the epiphyseal growth plate?

Process of intramembranous ossification

What are the different types of fractures of bone?

What is the process of bone repair?

When do you need to "set" a fracture?

What is a synovial joint?

Types of synovial cells

What are nonsynovial joints?

What is a syndesmosis?

What is a synchondrosis?

What is a symphysis?

What are intervertebral joints?

What causes a herniated disc?

What is arthritis?

What is osteoarthritis?

What are osteophytes?

What is ankylosis?

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

What is pannus?

What is gout?

What is rickets?

What is osteoporosis? How do we treat it?

What is scurvy?

What is dense lymphoid tissue?

What is diffuse lymphoid tissue?

What is MALT?

What is 1' lymphoid tissue?

What is 2' lymphoid tissue?

Lymphomas vs. leukemias

Characteristics of lymphatic vessels

What are lymph nodes?

What are the four functions of lymph nodes?

What is a lymphoid cell?

What is an immune accessory cell?

What are stromal cells?

Morphology of lymph nodes

What are medullary sinuses?

What is the process of diapedesis?

Where do you find high endothelial venules?

What is the cortical sinus?

What are other names for cortical sinuses?

What are medullary sinuses?

What are lymphoid follicles?

What are 2' lymphoid follicles?

What causes swollen lymph nodes?

What is the mantle zone?

Characteristics of the thymus

From where is the thymus embryologically derived?

Four functions of the thymus

As t-cells mature, they express:

What are nurse cells?

What are Hassal's corpuscles?

What happens to the thymus at puberty?

What is the blood-thymus barrier?

What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?

What are the functions of the spleen?

What happens if the spleen is removed?

Histology of spleen

What is red pulp?

What supports pulp cords in red pulp in spleen?

What is white pulp?

What are the areas of white pulp?

What are splenic nodules?

What are periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths (PALS)?

Open circulation model of spleen

How does splenic filtration occur within circulation?

What are stave cells?

What is Waldeyer's ring?

What are palatine tonsils?

What are lingual tonsils?

What is NALT?

What covers the luminal surface of palatine and lingual tonsils?

What is the appendix?

What is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue?

What is the function of MALT?

When is MALT formed? When is it at max distribution?

What are Peyer's patches?