The element nitrogen is combined with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in compounds called _____ from which _____ are constructed .
Amino acids | proteins
Proteins | amino acids
Lipids | amino acids
Carbohydrates | lipids
The ______ is the smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical change.
Atom
Molecule
Ion
A polar molecule is one that carries :
An unequal distribution of electrical charge within it.
An equal distribution of electrical charge within it.
The specific heat capacity refers to :
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of [water}.
the amount of force required to raise the temperature of [water].
the amount of energy required to lower to temperature of [water].
The latent heat of vaporisation refers to :
the amount of energy needed to turn liquid water into water vapour {gas}.
the amount of energy needed to turn water vapour into liquid water.
The latent heat fusion refers to :
The amount of energy required to be removed from water to turn it to ice.
The amount of energy required to be given to ice to water to turn it to ice.
Water reaches its maximum density at __ degrees celsius.
4
2
3
5
1
0
-1
Name the force by which individual molecules stick together.
Cohesion
Adhesion
Latent heat of fusion
Latent heat of vaporisation
Specific heat capacity
The force by which individual molecules cling to surrounding surfaces and materials is..?
Surface tension
"Below the surface water molecules slide past each other very easily" -this is an example of which property?
Low viscosity
High viscosity
High surface tension
Low surface tension
Compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms are called :
Organic compounds
Unhealthy compounds
Healthy compounds
Nutritious compounds
Examples of monosaccharides, a type of carbohydrate, are :
Glucose
Fructose
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Ribose
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch
Examples of disaccharides {a type of carbohydrate) are :
Examples of polysaccharides (a type of carbohydrate) are :
The molecular formula "C{6}H{12}O{6}" shows _____ .
When two monosaccharides molecules combine to form a disaccharide and a molecule of water is also formed as a product, this is known as a ______ .
Condensation reaction
Glycosidic linkage
_____ appear in living things as animal fats and plant oils, and also as phospholipids of cell membranes.
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Lipids like carbohydrates also contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but in lipids the proportion of _____ is much _____ .
Oxygen | less
Oxygen | more
Carbon | more
Carbon | less
Hydrogen | more
Hydrogen | less
Fats & oils are compounds called ______ formed by condensation reactions between _____ and an alcohol called _______ forming a bond called _______ .
Triglycerides | fatty acids | glycerol | esther linkage
Lipids | carbohydrates | galactose | esther linkage
____ produce more energy per gram than _____ due to the presence of less carbon.
Lipids | carbohydrates
Carbohydrates| lipids
As well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen , proteins also contain the elements ____ & usually the element _____ .
Nitrogen | sulphur
Argon | nitrogen
Sodium | sulphur
Nitrogen | calcium
Nitrogen | phosphate
______ are the molecules from which _____ and _____ are built.
Amino acids | peptides | proteins
Amino acids | lipids | polypeptides
Two ______ combine together with the loss of water to form a ______ .
Dipeptide
Peptide
Polypeptide
Protein
Base
Diglyceride
When two amino acids combine to form a dipeptide the linkage they form is known as ______ .
Peptide linkage
Esther linkage
Enzymes are ______ ______ made out of _____ .
Biological | catalysts | proteins
Biological | organisms | peptides
In a reaction catalysed by an enzyme, the starting substance is called the ____ and the resulting is the _____ .
Substrate | product
Product | substrate
Item | Molecule
Lock | key
While DNA occurs in the chromosomes of the nucleus, so does some RNA however most is found in the _____ .
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
rER
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
A nucleotide consist of three substances combined together which are :
Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphoric acid
Phosphate
Lipid
Hexose sugar
The enzyme _____ catalyses the reaction which occurs when the sugar and phosphate groups of adjacent nucleotides of new strands condense together.
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Glutamic acid
_____ are formed at ribosomes in the _____ .
Proteins | cytoplasm
Amino acids | nucleus
Amino acids | cytoplasm
Proteins | nucleus
There are three function types of RNA known as :
(Messenger) mRNA
(Transfer) tRNA
Ribosomal RNA
(Messaging) mRNA
(Transcend) tRNA
Ribbed RNA
mRNA is formed in the _____ and passes out to _____ in the ____, tRNA & ribosomal RNA are occur only in the _____ .
Nucleus | ribosomes | cytoplasm | cytoplasm
Nucleus | mitochondria | cytoplasm | ribosomes
The steps of protein synthesis in chronological order are :
Transcription | Amino acid activation | Translation
Amino acid activation | Translation | Transcription
Translation | Transcription | Amino acid activation
Stage 1 of protein synthesis occurs in the ____ where a complementary copy of the code is made by the building of a molecule of mRNA.
_____ catalyses the synthesis of mRNA
RNA polymerase
mRNA polymerase
RNA
__ bases (a codon) equal 1 amino acid.