How many ATPs go where? (btw, "1 ATP" goes before "1ATP")
Free fatty acids (NEFA / Non-Esterified Fatty Acids) vs TriAcylGlycerides (/TAGs). ❌ circulate bound to albumin. ❌ circulate within ❌ released from the liver or ❌ released from the gut.
Lipid uptake. Put the three in order (they’re written alphabetically here) ❌ Cholesterol-rich LDL interact with LDL-R and scavenger receptors; enters lysosomal pathway for hydrolysis; ❌ Hepatic Lipase and Lipoprotein Lipase reside on endothelial cells to hydrolyse VLDL and Chylomicron TAG to FFAs for uptake; ❌ TAG-rich VLDL interact with VLDL-R, enters lysosomal pathway where acid lipases hydrolyse TAG.
Familial Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency is:
Autosomal DOMINANT
Autosomal RECESSIVE
LPL deficiency causes ❌, which leads to ❌.
Fatty Acid Metabolism has two major pathways: TriAcylGlycerol metabolism and β-Oxidation. FA uptake is a 2-step process. In which order does it happen?
Transport by FA transporters >> Activation by Acyl-CoA Synthetases
Activation by Acyl-CoA Synthetases >> Transport by FA transporters
FA activation:
Consumes 1 ATP
Is irreversible
Is reversible
Consumes 2 ATP
Consumes 4 ATP
Consumes 36 ATP
De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis uses ❌ (from Glucose and Amino acids) to generate ❌ as the starting substrate to firstly produce ❌ (C16:O).
De Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis uses up how many ATP molecules?
1
2
7
36
CPT1 turns Carnitine into FA-Carnitine, allowing it to be uptaken into a cell. This can be blocked by which of the following?
Malonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
MCD deficiency (and some similar disorders) prevent ❌ from being turned into ❌. This results in ❌ of CPT1 (and thus ❌ FA uptake).
What goes where? (within each box, put the two in alphabetical order)
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