Cognitive features impaired in AD are:
Attentional and executive deficits
Anterograde episodic memory
Semantics
All of the above
Question 2 Working memory is: (multiple answers are possible)
A. a cognitive system that is responsible for the transient holding, processing, and manipulation of information
B. an executive controller that interacts with separate short-term stores for auditory-verbal and visuo-spatial information
C. a cognitive system where information can be stored for long periods of time
D. a limited capacity system that is capable of briefly storing and manage information involved in the performance of complex cognitive tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and certain types of learning
Synaptic loss is a prominent early pathological feature of AD, and closely associated to cognitive decline, it is mainly localized: Answers:
A. Hippocampus
B. Diffuse in all the brain
C. Mainly in Cortices
D. Entorhinal cortex
Described by Braak and Braak, tangles sequentially appear in the following specific regions as AD progresses:
A. Limbic-Isocortical-Transentorihnal
B. Transetorihnal-Limbic-Isocortical
C. Isocortical-Transentorihnal- Limbic
D. Transentorihnal- Isocortical-Limbic
In Anterograde Amnesia: (multiple answers possible) Answers:
A. Memories created prior to the event that caused the amnesia are lost while new memories can still be created.
B. There is loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past
C. New memories can still be created.
D. Long-term memories from before the event remain intact
Question 6 One of the earliest pathological changes on AD is the increase in tangle Tau formation in:
A. Transenthorhinal region
B. Striatum
D. Parietal cortex
C. Prefrontal cortex
The most common familial early onset AD is related to:
A. Presenilin 2 gene at Chromosome 1
B. Apolipoprotein E gene at Chromosome 19
C. Presenilin 1 gene at Chromosome 14
D. Amyloid protein precursor at Chromosome 21
Question 8 Studies of AD patients with FDG-PET + MRI coregistration (Positron emission tomography with fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination to Magnetic Resonance Imaging) revealed the importance of the following structures in the site of early pathology in AD (multiple answers possible)
A. Posterior cingulate
D. Mediotemporal lobe
C. Mammillary bodies and thalamus,
B. Retrosplenial cortex
Question 9 Other early pathological changes on AD is the increase in amyloid plaques in: (multiple answer possible)
B. Posterior cinguate cortex
C. Frontal and association cortices
Question 10 The greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's are: (multiple answers possible)
A. Gender
B. Age
C. Genetics
D. Head injury
Hallmarks of Alzheimer's include: (multiple answer possible)
A. Degeneration of hippocampal and cortical neurons
B. Reduced cholinergic transmission
C. Neuritic plaques
D. Neurofibrillary Tangles
The following are the aims of AD treatment active and possible at the present time: (multiple answers possible)
A. Neuroregeneration (reversal of symptomatic decline)
B. Augmentation (delay of symptomatic decline)
C. Neuroprotection (slowing of symptomatic decline)
D. Suppression (inhibition of symptomatic decline)
