Grade 6 social science cycle test August 2014

Climate and weather

Climatic conditions

How much of the earth do people occupy

Factors that influence climate

Factors that influence climate
Latitude of a place

Factors affecting climate. Latitude or distance from the equator. Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky.

reason for higher downpour at equator

factors that influence climate
Altitude above sea level

Altitude or height above sea level
Locations at a higher altitude have colder temperatures. Temperature usually decreases by 1°C for every 100 metres in altitude.

factors that influence climate
influence of ocean currents/oceans

factors that influence climate
influence of ocean currents/oceans

factors that influence climate
influence of ocean currents/oceans

weather

climate

climate
we look at temperature and rainfall

hot, mild, cold climates

hemispheres and climate

wet and dry areas

vegetation - 5 main biomes

interaction between plants, animals, soil and climate within a demarcated area
develops into an ecological system = ecosystem -a election of plants and animals in their own environment

fauna
flora

which biome covers the largest area

which biome covers the smallest area

tropical rainforests = tropical,deciduous,coniferous
dominated by large tree species
dense canopy
grow so close that sunlight doesn't penetrate ground

temperate rain forests= deciduous forests

lungs of our planet = tropical rain forests

most of worlds rain forests occur along the equator
biggest rain forests occur in central and south America, central and west Africa and south east Asia

world's areas with high annual rainfall are same as location of world's tropical rain forests

effect of densely populated areas on natural forests

forest biomes = 3 types
Coniferous
Deciduous
Rain

Coniferous biome

rain forest biome

tropical forest

effects of deforestation = the clearing of forest land
for example by logging= cutting down of trees to use their wood
also from mining, farming, road building

why are tropical rain forests so important?

Coniferous forests
short summers
long cold winters
up sides of mountains
tall narrow trees
shrubs and herbs grow close to ground
half frozen forests
animals hibernate, migrate or store food for winter
trees have cones instead of flowers
needle like leaves protects against cold climate
needles grow downwards snow slides off

Coniferous forests

coniferous forests
how do the following survive cold climate:
coniferous tree
spruce tree
great grey owl
moose

coniferous forests:
why are there few farms in coniferous forest areas
what two things would people do to earn money
why are these dangerous for the environment

deforestation
what is the worst effect? explain your answer

from the list place each plant/animal into a specific biome and say how it is suited to that climate:
Liana vines
Macaw parrot
Camel
Barrel Cactus
Moose
Spruce trees

migrate

hot desert biome
area of land where very little rain falls and where temperatures are high

hot deserts:
Sahara - North Africa
Kalahari - Southern Africa
Australian - Australia
Mojave - North America
Arabian - Middle East
That - India and Pakistan
Atacama - South America

Climate
temperatures usually between 20-25 degrees celcius
can be as high as 50 degrees
nights can be very cold
hot deserts have little or no rainfall for many months

natural vegetation in hot desert

wildlife in hot desert

plants in semi deserts and deserts

semi desert / desert climate

people living in deserts = nomadic = move from place to place in search of water and grazing for animals

oasis

discuss how if you are living in a hot desert you get:
water
food
shelter

Savannah Biome - tropical grasslands
transitional region between wet tropical rain forests and dry desert/semi desert regions

Savannah Grasslands

Savannah grasslands

temperate grasslands = grasslands biome

temperate grasslands

vegetation

temperate grasslands

tundra and ice fields biome

tundra and ice fields biome

tundra and ice fields biome

Ice deserts/ polar deserts

answer the following:
has one season throughout the year
word for vegetation
layer above the understory
not suitable for farming
grassland found in South Africa

answer the following:
10m long roots
hooved animals
tropical grassland
desert vegetation
clearing of forest land
19% of land surface
uninhabitable

what people trade

raw materials

manufactured goods

primary products =

imports

exports

trade

South Africa and trade

SA exports and imports

SA trades with North America, Asia- China, most countries in Europe and the middle east

factories

secondary products

skills

manufactured goods

skills and services

fair trade vs unfair trade -
when poor countries get low prices for their raw materials this causes other problems

when trade is fair people are able to earn enough money to live and improve their lives

exploitation

examples of exploitation are

Answer the following:
Trade takes place when people ________ goods
Exports leave a country, __________enter a country
____________ are resources that have not yet changed
People use ____________ to make manufactured goods

two important South african primary products are ___________
people who do not make things provide ________, such as nurses and teachers
poor countries sell their exports at ______ and buy their imports at high prices

name two countries that are important trading partners of South Africa

National symbols
symbol=a picture or item that stands for something else or that has a special meaning
motto = phrase or sentence describing what an organisation or country aims for or believes in

MOTTO
IKE E: /XARRA //KE
DIVERSE PEOPLE UNITE