Electrical potential across a semipermeable membrane is established by ________.

Aside from the concentrations of the ions, what are the two factors affecting the electrical potential?

What is the cell potential if all sodium pumps are made permeable?

What is the cell potential if all postassium pumps are made permeable?

T/F: Action potential is established by the ion pumps.

T/F: Sodium channels are voltage sensitive.

T/F: Potassium channels respond faster than sodium channels.

Why is the cell's resting potential close to that of the reversal potential of potassium?

What causes the initial increase in voltage of the cell?

The refractory period is due to the inactivation of ________ channels.

At the end of the axon, ______ influx is stimulated and vesicles containing _______are released.

T/F: Synaptic strength refers to the firing rate of a given neuron.

How is synaptic strength quantified?

What are the two types of postsynaptic potentials?

What are the two types of summation of EPSP?

List 5 factors that affect synaptic strength

Order of recruitement of motor units?

Why are larger post-synaptic neurons activated later?

T/F: synaptic strength is remarkably stable under regular use conditions unless special situation occurs.

Habituation is the

Sensitization is the

During the famous Aplysia study, the gill withdrawal response _________ overtime when no tail shock was given.

During the famous Aplysia study, the gill withdrawal response _________ when 1 tail shock was given during a single stimulation.

The more tail shocks given, the more lasting the increase in gill withdrawal remained.

Rank the effect on gill withdrawal due to the following stimulations:
1. 4 single tail shocks
2. no shocks
3. 4 trains of tail shock
4. 4 trains/ day for 4 days.

Which neuron is activated during a tail-shock?

How does a SINGLE tail shock enhance the gill withdrawal?

How does long-term changes occur in sensitization?

T/F: The CA1 cells stimulate the CA3 schaffer collateral cells.

The EPSP after tetanus is (higher/lower) than that before tetanus.

T/F: The EPSP of pathway 2 is not affected by tetanus in pathway 1.

The EPSP can last for up to a year.

Can paring of presynaptic spikes with postsynaptic depolarization give LTP?

What is responsible for the quick LTP?

T/F: LTP at one site can only stimulate addition of AMPA at the same site.

T/F: LTP may cause the formation of new synapses.

What is the cause of LTD?

AMPA receptors are internalized in LTD.

Spike-time dependent plasticity suggests that

If pre- and post-synaptic activities occur at the same time, result is more likely ____________

If post-synaptic happens right before pre-synaptic cell, there is _________.

If pre-synaptic happens right before post-synaptic activity, then there is ________.