Anatomy sheets 1-2.33

Where is the densest bone?

How can the skeleton be divided?

Functions of the skeleton?

What are smooth articular surfaces?

What are they covered by?

What are tendons and ligaments?

Are ligaments, tendons or articular cartilage seen on plain-film radiographs or X-rays?

If not what else can be used?

How are tendons formed?

What is a aponeurosis?

How are ligaments formed?

What is superficial fascia?

What is deep fascia?

What is retinacula?

What is the structure of dense fascia in the limbs/neck?

Function of dense fascia in the limbs?

What are bursae?

Are tendons and ligaments vascularised?

Implications?

Examples of sites where superficial fascia is firmly/loosely attached

Consequences of loosely attached superficial fascia?

Areas where fatty deposition is thick/thin?

Why is this of clinical relevance?

Function of retinacula

Where is the fascia lata?

Advantages/disadvantages of compartments?

What is in the carotid sheath?

Most medial/lateral?

Describe the fascia layers of the neck

Give an examples of a:

-long bone
-short bone
-flat bone
-irregular bone

Location of sealed bursae

What structures do they separate?

What are adventitious bursae?

What is a synovial sheath?

What is a sesamoid bone?

Examples?

Injury to the back of the throat can allow entry of pus, blood or air into the retropharyngeal space.

Where can this spread to?

What is tendonitis?

Cause?

What is bursitis?

Cause?

Why do ligament tears take 1 year for normal function to return after surgery?

What are pressure sores?

What are joints?

Different types?

What must be present for movement to occur in the musculoskeletal system?

What is the:

-fulcrum
-load arm
-force arm?

Describe first class levers

Describe second class levers

Describe third class levers

What does losing stability of a joint cause?

Define them

Difference between primary and secondary cartilagenous joints?

What do all synovial joints consist of?

What does the degree of movement depend on?

What is the degree of mobility reduced by?

What happens when muscles are paralysed?

What type of joint exists between bones of the skull of an infant and not an adult?

Examples of secondary cartilagenous joints?

Describe a hinge joint

Example?

Describe a plane joint

Example?

Describe a trochoid/pivot joint

Example?

Describe a spheroidal/ball-and-socket joint

Example?

Describe a condyloid joint

Example?

Describe an ellipsoid joint

Describe a sellar joint

Example?

Describe the synovial joint

How does articular cartilage of a synovial joint get nourishment?

Function of nucleus pulposus in the spine?

... annulus fibrosus?

What is Hilton's law?

What techniques can be used to view joints?

In which situation is each suitable?

Signs of osteoarthritis?